534 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 



traditions; they only know that before the invasion of Islam they 

 were Roman — further back their recollection does not go. On the 

 other hand, they have many Kabyle legends and tales. 



As to whether the ancestors of the modern Kabyles were also the 

 builders of the dolmens, the only means of determining are the few 

 excavated dolmen skulls. It has been seen, it is true, that the pure 

 Kabyles are predominately dolichocephalic or mesocephalic, and that 

 the 20 skulls which were taken from the dolmens of Roknia and 

 Guyotville show approachingly the same form. Still, aside from the 

 fact that the craniological character alone is not decisive, we can not 

 determine at present whether the apparent relation of the skull forms 

 to one another will not be changed after hundreds of dolmens have 

 been explored. The most that we can now say is that the investiga- 

 tions thus far carried on are not opposed to the assumption that the 

 explored dolmens were erected by the ancestors of the modern 

 Kabyles. The question of the introduction of this custom will be 

 discussed later on. 



No less difficult is the answer to the question as to whether the rich 

 remains from the stone age came from the Kabyles. According to 

 the investigation of Hamy, quoted above, certain pots of the stone 

 age (corrugated pottery) show that they were in the form of baskets, 

 such as are at present exclusively in use among the Somalis. This 

 observation would certainly support Hamy's assumption that the 

 people of the stone age in north Africa were related to the Hamitic 

 Somalis, if a conclusion from the similarity of culture forms to that 

 of this race were summarily permitted. 



Summing up the result of all these investigations, the following 

 proposition can be maintained: 



All pure Kabyles in the Rif of Morocco, in the great Kabylia, in 

 the Aures and in Enfida in Tunis belong to the white Mediterranean 

 race, and are more or less strongly intermixed with blond, blue-eyed 

 individuals of northern European character. They all speak a dialect 

 of Hamitic language belonging to the " Tamazirt." 



There arise four new problems which are of much interest for 

 general anthropology. 



1. Whence came the blond Kabyles? It is easily comprehensible 

 that the strange appearance of so many blonds amidst such a sun- 

 burnt population with black hair excited the attention of many 

 investigators, particularly the French. Already in 1876 Faidherbe 

 and Broca 1 taught that the blonds were the descendants of the 

 Tamahu or northlanders, who, according to the famous inscription 

 of Karnak, at about 1400 B. C, advanced into northern Africa as far 

 as Egypt after Celtic tribes had already, in the fifteenth or sixteenth 



1 Revue d'Anthropologie, 1870, p. 393 ff. 



