46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1917. 



as possible, the character and arts of the Zuhi people in early times, 

 as well as the effect of Spanish contact during the sixteenth and sev- 

 enteenth centuries. Hawikuh was one of the famed " Seven Cities 

 of Cibola " of early Spanish narrative, and its history from the time 

 of its discovery in 1539 until its abandonment in 1670 is quite well 

 known. Consequently the information that the ruins may be ex- 

 pected to yield will in all probability shed considerable light on a 

 phase of the culture of a branch of the Pueblo Indians at an impor- 

 tant period in their life. 



It is not necessary in this brief report to present the results of the 

 Hawikuh excavations, which were successful beyond anticipation in 

 both a subjective and a objective way. It is expected that a sum- 

 mary report on the work, which was still in progress at the close of 

 the fiscal year, will be presented for publication in the near future. 



The beginning of the fiscal year found Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, eth- 

 nologist, engaged in an archeological reconnoissance in the vicinity 

 of Gallup, New Mexico. Early in July he proceeded to Mancos, Colo- 

 rado, examining ancient ruins en route and commencing intensive 

 archeological work in the Mesa Verde National Park, where he re- 

 mained until the close of September. These excavations, conducted 

 with the cooperation of the Department of the Interior, were in con- 

 tinuation of the work initiated several years ago, of uncovering and 

 repairing the remains of the more important prehistoric ruins in that 

 great area, thus making them available for study and adding to the 

 park's many attractions. 



The scene of Doctor Fewkes's activities during this season was one 

 of a cluster of 16 ruins known as the Mummy Lake group, situated 

 above Soda Canyon. None of the walls of this large ruin projected 

 above the surface of the mound of fallen building stones and other de- 

 bris covered with sagebrush, but on excavation the remains were shown 

 to be those of a rectangular pueblo, 100 by 113 feet, with three stories 

 at the north and an annexed court inclosed by a low wall on the south. 

 By reason of its commanding situation, Doctor Fewkes has named this 

 former pueblo Far View House. After clearing the ruin of the great 

 quantity of debris accumulated during centuries, the tops of the walls 

 of the four kivas uncovered were protected with a capping of con- 

 crete, and so far as means would permit the walls of other chambers 

 were similarly treated. As a report on Doctor Fewkes's work at Far 

 View House will appear shortly, 1 it is not necessary to present the 

 details here ; but it may be mentioned that the most important result 

 of the study of this site is the fact that a new type of Mesa Verde 

 structure has been revealed, the form and character of which shed 

 light on the close relation of pueblos and cliff dwellings. Indeed, 



1 " A Mesa Verde Pueblo and its People," Smithsonian Report for 1916, pp. 461-488, 

 pi. 1-15, figs. 1-7, Washington, 1917. 



