QUATERNARY DEPOSITS OF BRITISH ISLES — BROOKS. 287 



stone bed indicating energetic erosion and denudation ; above this 

 lies a loess bed which we must consider as the seolian equivalent of 

 the last glaciation, so that the bowlder clay lying discordantly be- 

 neath it must belong to the middle glaciation and the implement- 

 iferous bed underlying the bowlder clay to the first interglacial. 



Near Leipzig, in a region to which the last glaciation did not reach, 

 there have recently been found numerous paleolithic implements, in- 

 cluding the characteristic Levallois knife, in sand and gravel beds 

 associated with mammalian remains. These beds are overlain by 

 typical bowlder clay, which, as this district is certainly outside the 

 limits of the last glaciation, can only be the moraine of the middle 

 glaciation, so that the implements must come from the first inter- 

 glacial of north Germany. 



In 1912 the same conclusions were reached by J. Bartling (18) 

 from finds of implements in Westphalia. In addition to those re- 

 ferred to by Gagel and already quoted, he mentions that Wiegers 

 found a well-shaped artifact classed as Mousterian in the lower 

 beds of the last interglacial in the Rhein-Herne Canal ; the conditions 

 of its deposition point to its being in situ. 



If now we correct Schmidt's scheme of correlation in accordance 

 with these age determinations, we find that the lowermost of his 

 arctic rodent beds, underlying the Mousterian, represents the middle 

 glaciation of north Germany ; the upper rodent bed and consequently 

 the beginning of the Magdalenian period, then fall in the maximum 

 of the last glaciation and not in the Biihlstadium. This has the 

 merit of agreeing with the correlation which Penck and Bruckner 

 worked out for the Alpine region. 



SUMMARY. 



Lower bowlder cloy. — Very deeply weathered. Ice reached its 

 maximum extent at least in the west and southwest and possibly 

 over the whole area. Higher ("chief") terrace of the rivers. 



First interglacial. — Cyprin-a clays. Eem beds. Beds with Pccki- 

 dma diluviana, Corbicuia fiuminalis, Bitkynia tentaeu-lata. Acheu- 

 lian culture. 



Middle bowlder day. — Weathered to a depth of 10 to 12 meters. 

 This glaciation may have overstex^ped the limits of the preceding one 

 at a few points. Middle terrace of the rivers. Mousterian culture. 



Second interglacial. — Corbicuia Duboisiana. Rixdorf horizon. 

 Mousterian culture. 



Upper bowlder clay. — Weathered to a depth of only 1 to 2 meters. 

 This glaciation nowhere overstepped the limits of the preceding 

 one, but was of considerably less extent. Magdalenian culture. 



