QUATERNARY DEPOSITS OF BRITISH ISLES — BROOKS. 291 



points in the Rhine Valley, and made their relations to the Rhine 

 diluvium very clear ; this identification of the clay bed in the Meuse 

 and Rhine Valleys is quite legitimate because the underlying gravel 

 is a joint delta deposit to the two rivers. 



Fliegel and Stoller (25) found a plant-bearing clay with a similar 

 flora to that of Tegelen at a series of points in the Rhine valley 

 between Wylerberg near Cleve and Tonigsberg. At Wylerberg, 

 under the gravel and sand of the chief terrace occur 11 meters of 

 clay and fine sand, including a bed of brown coal 30 centimeters 

 thick, below that again coarse diluvial gravel, not quite so coarse, 

 however, as that of the chief terrace. This plant-bearing bed and 

 its stratigraphical equivalents extend south and southeast into Ger- 

 man territory far beyond Briiggen. A section at Hiickelshoven 

 near Erkelenz, on the edge of the Ruhr Valley, also showed a thick 

 clay bed between the gravel of the chief terrace and an older gravel 

 bed below. 



Stoller gives the names of 35 plants from Wylerberg, all of which 

 indicate a temperate and some a warm-temperate climate slightly 

 warmer than the present in the same region. Their good state of 

 preservation excludes the idea of transport from a distance. The 

 flora has many elements in common with the flora of Tegelen, with 

 which it appears to be contemporaneous. Fliegel and Stoller also 

 studied the junction between the Tegelen stage and the chief terrace. 

 The surface of the former has been modeled by flowing water except 

 in the most northerly part, between Venloo and Tegelen, where the 

 clay is covered by 3 meters of alternating sand and clayey sand; 

 the sand is horizontally bedded and its upper 30 centimeters is very 

 humous, indicating that for a considerable period its surface formed 

 dry land. 



Krause (28) also traced the oldest gravels northward, and found 

 them, to be overlain by the plant-bearing beds of Tegelen age. These 

 oldest gravels here contain large erratic blocks, but Krause considers . 

 that these do not necessarily indicate ice transport. Farther up- 

 stream, at Coblentz, these oldest gravels have risen above those of 

 the chief terrace, lying at 250 meters above sea level, while the latter 

 never exceeds 210 meters, and are distinguished also by their much 

 lighter color. 



Lorie gives (29) the generalized result of some 10 borings on the 

 west coast, as follows : 



7. Dune sand. 



6. Marine alluvium. 



5. Exceptionally a bed of sand. 



4. Eem zone. 



3. Upper Rhine diluvium. 



2. Fine sand. 



1. Lower Rhine diluvium. 



