430 ANNUAL EEPOET SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1917. 



and motion given, would be various. This drink when made and cool to sup, 

 was in a shell first carried to the Cassekey, who threw part of it on the ground, 

 and the rest he drank up, and then would make a loud hem ; and afterwards 

 the cup passed to the rest of the Cassekey's associates, as aforesaid ; but no 

 other man, woman or child must touch or taste of this sort of drink; of 

 which they sat sipping, chattering, and smoking tobacco, or some other herb in- 

 stead thereof, for the most part of the day. 



* * * * * * * 



In the evening, we being laid on the place aforesaid, the Indians made a 

 drum of a skin, covering therewith the deep bowl in which they brewed their 

 drink, beating thereon with a stick, and having a couple of rattles made of a 

 small gourd, put on a stick with small stones in it, shaking it; they began 

 to set up a most hideous howling, very irksome to us ; and sometime after 

 came many of their young women, some singing, some dancing. This was 

 continued till midnight, after which they went to sleep. 



Of another ceremony he writes as follows : 



It now being the time of the moon's entering the first quarter the Indians had 

 a ceremonious dance which they began about 8 o'clock in the morning. In the 

 first place came in an old man and took a staff about 8 feet long, having a 

 broad arrow on the head thereof, and thence half way painted red and white 

 like a barber's pole. In the middle of this staff was fixed a piece of wood, 

 shaped like unto a thigh, leg, and foot of a man, and the lower part of it was 

 painted black. This staff being carried out of the Cassekey's house was set 

 fast in the ground, standing upright; which being done, he brought out a 

 basket, containing rattles, which were taken out thereof and placed at the 

 foot of the staff. Another old man came in and set up an howling like unto a 

 mighty dog, but beyond him for length of breadth, withal making a proclama- 

 tion. This being done, and most of them having painted themselves, some red, 

 some black, some with black and red, with their bellies girt up tight as well 

 as they could girt themselves with ropes, having their sheath of arrows at their 

 backs, and their bows in their hands; being gathered together about the staff, 

 six of the chiefest men in esteem amongst them, especially one who is their 

 doctor, took up the rattles and began an hideous noise, standing round the 

 staff with their rattles, and bowing without ceasing to it for about half an 

 hour. Whilst these 6 were thus employed, all the rest were staring and 

 scratching, pointing upwards and downwards, on this and the other side, every 

 way, looking like men frightened or more like furies. Thus they behaved till 

 the 6 had done shaking their rattles; then they all began to dance, violently 

 stamping on the ground for the space of an hour or more, without ceasing; 

 in which time they sweat in a most excessive manner, so that by the time the 

 dance was over, by their sweat, and the violent stamping of their feet, the 

 ground was trodden into furrows ; and by morning the place where they danced 

 was covered with maggots; thus often repeating the manner, they continu'd 

 till about 3 or 4 in the afternoon, by which time many were sick and faint. 

 Being gathered into the Cassekey's house they sat down, having some hot 

 casseena ready, which they drank plentifully of, and gave greater quantities 

 thereof to the sick and faint than to others; then they eat berries. On these 

 days they eat not any food till night. 



The next clay, about the same time, they began their dance as the day before ; 

 also the third day they began at the usual time, when many Indians came 

 from other towns, and fell to dancing, without taking any notice one of an- 



