470 



ANNUAL llEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1937 



feet high, and some 1,500 square feet in area, and the rather larger 

 Mound II, 23.5 feet high and about 3,850 square feet in extent, is 

 separated from it to the NE. by a gap some 150 feet wide. (pi. 1) Dur- 

 ing the period of the Harappa culture, Mounds I and II were one, 

 through which a devastating flood ultimately cut its way, bringing to a 

 close the longest and most important chapter of the history of the little 

 city. Mound II was reoccupied later for two brief periods, as we shall 

 shortly see. The third mound (III), which stands a few feet high and 

 is only some 500 square feet in extent, lies close to the N W. of Mound 



Figure 1.— Map of the Indus Valley. 



II, of which it is certain that it once formed a part; the rainstorms 

 which have separated this little mound from its neighbor have left 

 their marks as deep furrows and ravines which scar the sides of all 

 three mounds. 



As Mound II was the largest and highest mound and therefore likely 

 to contain the most interesting material, it was selected for our 

 principal excavations. Its upper portion was systematically removed, 

 layer by^^layer, the debris being dumped on ground that had already 

 been examined by means of trencliing. On the summit of the mound 

 were one or two graves of early Muhammedan date. Below these 



