WINTER NUMBER Pe 
not been much in evidence since the freeze. It is more than like- 
ly that it will be sometime before it again becomes a seriously 
injurious pest in the counties of groups 1 and 2. In group 3 it 
was abundant October 3, 1917. 
The injured leaves fell from 10 to 14 days after the frost and 
dried up in the course of a day or two afterwards. Owing to 
the length of time the freeze occurred before the regular period 
of emergence of the white flies, none were observed to emerge 
from the leaves that had fallen. The freeze evidently shows that 
the white flies are much more resistant to cold that the citrus 
trees, and were destroyed only in proportion to the extent of the 
defoliation. 
THE PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes becktt NEWMAN). 
In the counties of group one this pest was almost exterminated. 
Since practically all the leaves were lost and a majority of the 
trees had nearly all the branches killed back from three to six 
feet, there was little chance for the survival of this species. In 
addition, many were actually frozen. So far as could be ob- 
served, the eggs were not frozen sufficiently to prevent them’ 
from hatching, so those which were located on the larger branch- 
es will hatch and re-infest the trees. A few living females were 
observed at Crescent City on some old fruit, still on the trees. 
No living scales other than these were observed in several days’ 
search, from May 3rd to 6th, and again on May 24th. There 
was considerable scale on some fruits in October. Reports in- 
dicate that this scale insect has become fairly abundant in No- 
vember, 1917. 
In the counties of group two, this insect also received a most 
severe setback, but not to the extent that it did in group one. All 
insects on the fallen leaves, as well as those on the dead branches, 
were killed and all young scales frozen. On February 20th an 
examination of ten fallen leaves, but still green, was made. 150 
young scales were dead and one female living. On two dried 
leaves 2 dead adult females, 1 living adult female and 11 dead 
young scales were found. If this leaf had been left a day or two 
longer, the living female would also have been dead. No young 
scale have been observed up to June on the new growth at any 
place in this group of counties. The trees, as a whole, are re- 
markably free from scale, due no doubt, to the effects of the 
freeze. At the present time (October) this species is quite abun- 
dant and not far from normal infestation. 
