34 THE FLORIDA BUGGIST 
In the warmest of the three groups the defoliation and the 
mortality, as the result of the freeze, has been the cause of great- 
ly reducing the number of scales, but not to the extent as to make 
spraying this spring unnecessary. In Pinellas County there were 
many young scales and crawlers observed on May 10th. On Octo- 
ber 3rd, 1917, this pest was most abundant. No indications were 
present that any had been killed by the frost. 
RED SCALE ON CAMPHOR (Chrysomphalus aonidum L.). 
It was impossible to make observations of this scale on citrus, 
so the examinations were made where it infested camphor. Since 
the camphor did not lose its leaves from frost injury, the exami- 
nation showed how effective the cold had been in freezing the 
scales instead of killing them by damaging the foliage. On Feb- 
ruary 7th, or 4 days after the frost, extensive examinations show- 
ed that nearly all stages except the eggs had been hurt by the 
frost. The adult females did not have a normal appearance. 
On February 16th examinations of 250 adult females, 11 im- 
mature stages and 6 males were dead and 5 adult females and 9 
immature stages were living. It was noticeable that more than 
25% of the adult females had dead crawlers beneath the scale 
covering. It was also noticeable that they had died very recent- 
ly, since they were not dried up at all, but had just turned brown 
during the previous week. From another tree there were 100 
adult females, 60 immature and 14 males killed by the frost, and 
5 adult females and 9 immature stages living. Dead crawlers be- 
neath the scale coverings were also present. The two examina- 
tions give 94% dead and 6% living. No doubt the percentage of 
dead was greater since many of the young stages including the 
crawlers were not counted. 
On June 1st there was considerable red scale on the camphor 
trees from which the leaves were taken for the above exami- 
nations. Both on October 3rd:and December 2nd as many were 
present as if no reduction in numbers had taken place. 
The frost also killed this scale on privet. On February 17th I 
found 25 adult females dead and none living. Three of these had 
eggs with a normal appearance, and one of these three had crawl- 
ers. There were not more than 15 eggs with normal appearance 
and many females had dead crawlers near the opening. On June 
Ist not a single specimen of red scale could be found on the 
privets that were examined last spring. On December 12 there 
are no red scale on these same privets. 
When one takes into consideration the mortality suffered by 
