12 THE FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST 
purple. The body retains its pale color until a few hours before 
emergence when it rapidly darkens from the head caudad. The 
pupal case remains as a crumpled dingy-white skin attached to 
the leaf. The duration of the pupal stage is shown in the table 
on page 11. An individual reared at Brownsville, Texas, by Mr. 
R. A. Vickery remained 11 days in the pupa and Mr. W. R. 
McConnell noted seven at Greenwood, Mississippi, which emerged 
in from seven to thirteen days. The maximum reached under 
out-of-door conditions in Florida was 16 days and the lengthened 
pupal period of the individuals reared at temperatures greatly 
below normal at Nashville indicates some power of adaptation 
to unfavorable conditions in this stage. 
The writer has not had the opportunity to follow this species 
throughout an entire year in the field and all the data at hand 
concerning its seasonal history are fragmentary. February 11 
a first instar larva was found at Brownsville, Texas. June 3 a 
nearly full grown larva and June 17 a pupa were taken at 
Greenwood, Mississippi. As early as June 1 a larva nearly full 
grown, was found at Marion, South Carolina, and September 
16 full grown larvae and pupae were found at Clemson College, 
in the same state, on corn growing in an open greenhouse used 
as an insectary and at the same place on September 25 on up- 
land rice growing in the open. At Orlando, Florida, larvae 
survived the mild winter of 1912-13 which was unusually warm 
even for Florida, there being insufficient frost to injure corn 
growing in the open. Mr. McConnell attempted without success 
to carry larvae and pupae through the winter at Greenwood, 
Mississippi, where they were exposed to freezing, but not se- 
vere, temperatures. The great susceptibility to frost of the 
similar and closely related species, Calpodes ethlius, and the 
probable tropical origin of this species lead to the conclusion 
that it cannot survive severe freezing weather. If such be the 
case the butterflies must travel for long distances and very 
rapidly to reach so early in the summer the localities mentioned 
above. The larvae in the table on page 11 are arranged in 
approximate chronological order from November, 1912 to June, 
1913, and the figures indicate that the time required for develop- 
ment becomes less as the season advances. At none of the points 
where this species has been noted do the records indicate any 
distinct generations, furnishing further support to the theory 
of its tropical origin; for definite seasonal habits with long 
