WHALEBONE WHALES—MACKINTOSH QA1 
recorded from New England (in winter) and Newfoundland. The 
North Pacific right was taken in summer mainly between 40° and 60° 
N. In winter it was occasionally taken farther south, but rarely 
south of 30° N. The old whaling grounds on which the southern 
right was hunted occupy a well-defined zone principally between 30° 
and 50° S., but again it was taken in small quantities in winter as far 
north as 20° §. (off the South African and west American coasts). 
On rare occasions this species, before it was protected, has been taken 
by the modern industry as far south as the South Shetland Islands 
(beyond 60° S.), but it is doubtful whether it was ever so plentiful 
in the Antarctic as in temperate regions, even before it was depleted 
by the old whalers. 
Thus the northern and southern black right whales are separated 
by a wide tropical belt, and do not normally penetrate into the coldest 
waters. It must be supposed that the North Atlantic, North Pacific, 
and southern right whales live in three isolated communities, though 
the possibility that occasional stragglers move from one to the other 
should not be finally excluded. 
(3) Neobalaena marginata 
There is little to be said here of the pigmy right whale, for although 
some stranded specimens have been examined and described, practi- 
cally nothing is known of its distribution. It has the long, fine whale- 
bone of all the right whales, but externally it differs from the others 
in its size (not much exceeding 20 feet) and in the possession of a 
dorsal fin. So far as is known this species is confined to the Southern 
Hemisphere, and is recorded only from Australia, New Zealand, South 
Africa, and South America (Péringuey, 1921; Oliver, 1922; Hale, 
1931). 
(4) Megaptera nodosa 
It will be convenient to consider this species before any of the other 
Balaenopteridae because its migrations and distribution are better 
understood than those of any other whale, at least in the Southern 
Ocean. This is largely because it resorts to coastal waters in winter 
where direct observations can be made. The humpback does not ex- 
ceed about 50 feet in length, but its girth is relatively greater than 
in any of the species of Balaenoptera. It is readily distinguished by 
the stout body and long flippers. This is one of the more abundant 
species, and it has figured prominently in the catches of the whaling 
industry. 
Several authors (Risting, 1912; Collett, 1912; Lillie, 1915 ; Ingebrig- 
sten, 1929; Ommanney, 1933; and Dakin, 1934) state that the south- 
ern humpbacks migrate up the coasts of South Africa, Australia, and 
