SUN AND HARVEST OF THE SEA—SCH MITT 307 
These relationships may be best reviewed in diagrammatic form. 
To that end, three diagrams outlining them are here reproduced. The 
first sets forth the food relations of the Pacific herring. It is par- 
ticularly to be noted that herring at all growth stages, in addition to 
whatever other food they may consume, including some algae, feed 
to a very large extent on copepods. These, in turn, derive their sus- 
tenance almost wholly from diatoms. Not indicated in the diagram 
are the animals, including man, which prey upon the herring. 
In the second diagram attention is called to the marine phase of 
the life of the sockeye salmon as an example of the food relations 
of a fish wholly carnivorous as an adult. Plant food does not directly 
enter into its dietary. Man is not here shown as an enemy of the 
salmon. 
The third diagram is both a summary and an amplification of all 
that has been said regarding the relations of the sun’s energy to 
the life in the sea. The input of solar energy is indicated, but not the 
“take” that constitutes man’s harvest of the sea. 
SOLAR ENERGY 
FLOATING PLANTS 
¥ 7S (PHXYTOPLANKTON)- FLOATING ANIMALS SURACE SES: 
SAE IREC ESET DIATOMS AND DINOFLAGELLATES ETC : Sand a 
SRE MICROSCOPIC IN SIZE BUT VAST IN NUAGERS : vs Se ees 
LONG SHOR EI Fishes, TOOTHED 
Aig anes Ere 
— PRODUCED ONLY IN THE LIGHTED ZONE AND CARNIVORA 
' *. H 
: : 
' 
SURFACE TO 
ABYSSAL DEPTHS 
SYUILIN TOP OL O 
JNOZ D4L0NAND 
co. 4,0. AND 
PLANT NUTRIENTS BACTERIA AND 
(NP ETC) BACTERIAL ACTMTY 
HERBIVORA AND CARNIVORA 
. 
. 
. 
ns 
Oe 1G 
» ' 
“sy 
MID DEPTH 
FISHES 
; 
‘ 
: 
: 
REGENERATED PLANT 
NUTRIENTS RETURNED : 
TO LIGHTED ZONE BY ——*: 
VERTICAL WATER : 
MOVE! $ : 
NOILSNGONd LNW Id ON 
3NOZ WuvG> 
—— DOIRECT FOOD 
“=== SINKING ANO DETRITUS FOOD 
-—= DECAY 
CARMIVORA AND DETRITUS FEEDERS 
RETURN OF MINERAL PLANT NUTRIENTS 
BACTERIAL ACTIVITY 
fe 
a aS . 
aay Ti ea ' - 
, - “-" 
ey ABYSSAl 
BACTERIA ANO he = SRIMALS j 
Ficure 3.—Diagram showing the main features of the interrelations of marine 
organisms, both plants and animals. The several volumes indicated are not 
based on computation and should be considered as being only very roughly 
proportional and presented only as an aid to the visualization of conditions. 
The volume of plants is indicated as greater than that of animals, whereas 
actually there are seasons when it is less. (From The Oceans, by Sverdrup, 
et al. Courtesy Prentice-Hall Inc., publishers.) In the diagram is indicated 
the contribution of solar energy to the economy of the sea, aS well as the role 
played by bacteria as reconverters of organic and inorganic materials. 
