ARCHEOLOGY OF THE PHILIPPINES—JANSE oad 
had established close trade relations prior to the Ming period (1368- 
1644). It may be mentioned that the Chinese, according to B. Laufer, 
had established in pre-Spanish times a settlement in Mindoro (opposite 
the Calatagan cemetery). The same author also surmises that the Chi- 
nese had established themselves on Mindoro before they came over to 
Luzon. It is possible that this colony had trade relations with kinsmen 
on the continent and that some of the ceramics found at Calatagan 
were introduced by these settlers on Mindoro. It would be of interest 
to have scientifically controlled excavations carried out on this island, 
which might throw some light on early trade relations between China 
and the Philippines. 
The Chinese ceramics which we found present many varieties, but 
there are a few standard types, such as earthenware, glazed jarlets or 
bottles (possibly perfume containers), bowls, saucers, and dishes of 
glazed porcelain, most of them decorated in blue and white, occasionally 
in green with cream-colored glaze. ‘There are also monochrome wares 
in white, celedon, light green, and brown. A few specimens in white, 
red, and green are from the Wan-li period (1573-1620). Plate 13, 
upper left, and plate 14 present the most typical specimens. Some of 
the most characteristic examples will be described below. 
1. Jarlets—They appear in three principal types: (a) Globular 
body and narrow, low neck. The jarlet is provided with a milk-white 
crackled glaze. There is no special decoration. (6) Almost cylin- 
drical body with a comparatively wider neck. White shiny glaze and 
bluish decoration. (¢c) Pear-shaped body with rather wide but low 
neck; small handles on the shoulders. The glaze is usually grayish or 
brownish. The pear-shaped jarlets are believed by some writers to 
have been imported from Siam, probably in the fourteenth century. 
2. Bowls are rather common. Some of them are monochrome, with 
white, greenish, or less often brownish, glaze. Often the monochrome 
wares are without special decoration, but some show underglazed 
grooves, intended possibly to outline a conventionalized lotus pattern. 
One of the most spectacular types is thin-walled, blue and white, gen- 
erally embellished with rows of elongated leaves, possibly intended to 
reproduce artemesia leaves, which play an important part in Chinese 
art and folklore as a symbolic motif. The bottom, inside, shows either 
a more or less conventionalized shell, lotus, or a character. The shell 
and the lotus are common motifs and were used partly because of 
their symbolic value. 
3. Saucers——One of the more peculiar types of this category is the 
so-called hole-bottom saucer. A marked feature of this type of saucer 
is that instead of the usual ring-shaped ridge around the bottom, there 
is a cylindrical depression, often surrounded by an unglazed yellowish 
