NATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR RESEARCH—GRAF 421 
tion includes a decision as to the approximate proportion of the funds 
to be expended for security research and how and where it will be 
used. The remaining portion for welfare research must be further 
divided between scholarships and basic and applied research. As to 
agencies, it must be divided among university laboratories and class- 
rooms, private, nonprofit research institutions, Government research 
laboratories, whether Federal or State, and laboratories for the solu- 
tion of industrial problems. The selection of laboratories and men, 
the terms under which funds will be available, and the approval of 
projects will all have much to do with the degree of success of the 
undertaking. Administration of the program will require the con- 
tinuing study and advice of many scientists from all disciplines. Proj- 
ects may or may not succeed, but they should have an honest chance by 
being placed in the friendly surroundings of skilled investigators and 
well-equipped laboratories. Beyond this each project should have 
a fair test as to time. Year-to-year allotments with no assurance 
against reduction or termination are not likely to attract the best 
minds. Utilization of our leading scientists for stop-gap experi- 
mentation would be unfair both to the men and to the Nation. No 
practice should be adopted as adequate until its soundness has been 
demonstrated. One example will suffice. We speak of basic and ap- 
plied research as two separate fields, which must be kept distinct. 
Some believe that the basic research workers would be unable to apply 
their findings to practical use and that applied research workers would 
be of little use for fundamental research. This may hold for a small 
number of scientists, but a large number of men have shown by their 
work during the war that the same general qualities are required for 
superior research of either type. Basic and applied research are now 
used together by the London, Midland, & Scottish Railroad under a 
plan by which research men from the railroad and its cooperating uni- 
versities are exchanged for temporary periods. From preliminary 
observations it seems that both basic and applied research will profit 
from this arrangement. It is a further step in breaking down the cell 
walls that have, in varying degrees, insulated one worker and one 
problem from another. 
Those who will be responsible for the administration of public- 
sponsored research must expect criticism, for they are using funds in 
which everyone has vested rights. Public support is absolutely essen- 
tial to the continuing success of an accelerated program; and this 
support to be lasting must be based on an understanding of the aims 
of the program and an appreciation of what science has done and can 
do again. There should be full publicity on all phases of the opera- 
tion of the program. It must be necessary not only to be independent 
of the influence of pressure groups but also to be able to prove that 
