32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. no 



are tjrpical bilituratus bilituratus. Detailed field work in south- 

 eastern Massachusetts might be very informative. Scudder (1878a) 

 noted that Nantucket specimens (reported as atlanis) have a peculiar 

 coloring and nearly all specimens have pale glaucous hind tibiae. 

 Griscom and Folger (1948) reported that the limited flora and fauna 

 of Nantucket include "many southern and relict species," and the 

 climate averages milder than that of Boston. A comparable situation 

 probably occurs in the relation of Long Island to upstate New York. 

 It is surprising that intermediate specimens or typical bilituratus have 

 not been found in the Appalachian Mountains south of Pennsylvania. 

 Specimens from Spruce Knob, W. Va., and Mt. Davis, Pa., show a 

 slight trend toward bilituratus bilituratus, though they are not recog- 

 nized as intermediates. 



Color variation in bilituratus vulturnus runs through the usual range 

 common to this group. About 18 percent of the specimens examined 

 have pale or glaucous hind tibiae, the remainder red. Brett (1947, 

 pp. 32-33) felt that food, temperature, and humidity are closely 

 related to the color of the hind tibiae. Specimens reared by him on 

 corn and head lettuce had a higher percentage of red hind tibiae than 

 those reared on alfalfa. High temperature and humidity tended to 

 produce red tibiae. On the other hand. King and Slifer (1955), after 

 rearings from stock collected at Iowa City, Iowa, concluded that red 

 hind tibiae "are dependent on the presence of a dominant, autosomal 

 gene and that blue tibiae are produced when its recessive allele is 

 present in the homozygous condition." Nymphs which Brett reared 

 under crowded conditions tended to develop dark patterns character- 

 istic of the gregarious phase of migratory grasshoppers, but adults 

 resulting from such rearings were not distinctively colored, and they 

 tended to have shorter wings than those reared under solitary con- 

 ditions (Brett, 1947, p. 37). 



Explanation of Figure 9 



Dorsal view of supra-anal plate and furculae of males; / and h{2) show full view of apical 



portion of abdomen. 



a: M. bruneri: 1, from Ft. McLeod, Alberta, Canada; 2, from Mt. Moriah, Nev.; 3, from 

 Crook Co., Wyo. 



b: Intermediate between M. borealis utahensis and M. b. palaceus, 3 miles north of Mantua, 

 Utah. 



c: M. borealis borealis: 1, from Matanuska, Alaska; 2, from Chelsea, Iowa; 3, from Church- 

 ill, Manitoba, Canada. 



d: M. borealis stupefactus: 1, from Los Pinos, Colo.; 2, from Mineral Co., Colo. 



e: M. borealis utahensis: 1, from Big Cottonwood Canyon, Utah; 2, from Ogden, Utah. 



/.' M. bilituratus vulturnus, Stokes, S. C. 



g: M. bilituratus bilituratus, Pompey's Pillar, Mont. 



k: M. devastator, 1, from San Bernardino, Calif.; 2, from Chico, Calif. 



