GRASSHOPPERS — GURNET AND BROOKS 47 



figure 7,'i-2 more incurved along dorsal margin and more evenly 

 rounded along ventroposterior margin than frequent in bilituratus; 

 supra-anal plate (fig. 9, a) elongate, lateral elevations prominent; 

 furculae usually reaching to middle of supra-anal plate or approxi- 

 mately so ; subgenital plate in lateral view with apical portion strongly 

 upturned, sometimes rather abruptly so (fig. 16,A), often superficially 

 accentuated by upward curvature of abdomen ; posterior view of sub- 

 genital plate usually as in figiu^es ll,a-l or 11, aA, with apical margin 

 entire and posterior surface grooved, frequently apical margin is 

 dimpled (fig. ll,a-2), or there are well formed twin apices (fig. ll,a-3), 

 and rarely margin is squarish and irregular (fig. ll,a-5). Aedeagus 

 with main stem relatively short; dorsal valve moderately sclerotized, 

 thin, often appearing almost parchment-like, large and marked with 

 striations; in dorsal view a triangular projection (x in fig. S,k) of the 

 well-sclerotized dorsal rim of the dorsal valve is distinctive; accessory 

 lobe large for group; epiphallus as in figure 10,6. 



Female genitalia: Cercus (fig. 10, k) relatively short and blunt, 

 the dorsal margin often somewhat irregular; ovipositor with "scoop" 

 of dorsal valve (fig, 10,r) strongly concave. 



Variation: The size of nine representative males, measured in 

 millimeters, varies in pronotal length from 3.6 to 5.1 (av. 4.6), in 

 length of hmd femur from 9.0 to 13.0 (av. 11.9), and in length of 

 tegmen from 12.0 to 19.5 (av. 16.6). Seven measured females vary 

 in pronotal length from 3.6 to 6.0 (av. 4.8), in length of hind femur 

 from 9.6 to 16.0 (av. 13.1), and in length of tegmen from 11.5 to 20.7 

 (av. 17.1). The smallest specimens seen are from Mt. Moriah, Nev., 

 the largest from Michigan. 



Coloration: General coloration about as in bilituratus, varying 

 from pale brown to blackish; hind femur usually with three external 

 and dorsal dark bands, poorly developed in pale individuals; hind 

 tibia varying from pale greenish yellow to red, usually pinkish to red. 



Distribution: Several records of bruneri add significantly to the 

 distribution based on male specimens examined (figs. 12, 13). Fulton 

 (1930) reported it from Grant's Pass, Oreg.; Hebard (1925a) listed 

 Nipigon and Dmght (Ontario), Norrie and Oregon (Wisconsin), 

 Gordon (Nebraska), and Englewood (South Dakota) ; Hebard (1932b) 

 reported a specimen from Onawa, Iowa; and Hebard (1935a, p. 68) 

 said that Beulah and Agua Fria Park are eastern limits in New 

 Mexico. Stehr (1936) gave several Minnesota records which supple- 

 mented those of Hebard (1932b; 1934a). 



Biology and economic importance : On the high montane ranges 

 of the Northwestern States and western Canada, bruneri is injurious 

 to grazing areas. There have been fairly frequent references to the 

 importance of bruneri in western Canada (Canad. Insect Pest Rev., 



