GRASSHOPPERS — GURNEY AND BROOKS 67 



phase of spretus still exists, and if so what are the most likely breeding 

 places. Montana, east of the Continental Divide, and North Dakota 

 would seem likely possibilities. A solitary phase of spretus, if it 

 exists, probably is smaller and shorter-winged than the historic 

 specimens, and the aedeagus may be the only reliable distinguishing 

 character. It is possible that specimens of a solitary phase now 

 exist in collections, but if so they have not been recognized. Popula- 

 tions of the mexicanus group, both preserved specimens and field 

 samples, should have the aedeagus examined critically on the chance 

 that new evidence bearing on the spretus problem will be disclosed. 



Melanoplus borealis (Fieber) 



The distribution of this species is indicated by the two maps of 

 its subspecies (figs. 17, 18) and, for the United States, by Newton 

 and Gurney (1956, map 56). As the specific name suggests, this is 

 a boreal insect, which in the United States is primarily northern or 

 occurs in mountainous areas. 



Mostly on the basis of tegminal length and the shape of the male 

 subgenital plate, four subspecies are here recognized. Our study 

 of the aedeagus has failed thus far to show differences in the aedeagus 

 among the subspecies. Plowever, Hebard (1935a, p. 67), in writing 

 of what he called the borealis group, stated: "Examination of the penis 

 now shows that this organ is of the same general type in all of the 

 recognized races but shows distinct proportionate differences in some." 

 Some differences in the epiphallus are here reported, but the examina- 

 tion of more material is required before their significance can be fully 

 evaluated. 



Melanoplus borealis borealis (Fieber) 



Figures 3,j; 7,j; 8,f; 9,c; 10,c,l,s; ll,c; lQ,d; 17; 18; Plate 5,a,b,d. 



Caloptenus borealis Fieber, Lotus, vol. 3, p. 120, 1853 (unstated number of 

 specimens from "(Gronland) Nord. Cap. (Labrador) M. Hal. Fieb."). Lecto- 

 type here designated: Male from original Fieber series (according to Dr. 

 Max Beier, in litt., Jan. 17, 1957) with the following labels: "Podisma 

 borealis Fieb. Gronl."; "Mus. Caes. Vindebon."; "det. Holdhaus Melanoplus 

 borealis Fieb."; "Par."; "23" (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna). 



Pezotettix septentrionalis Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 159, 1861 (unstated 

 number of specimens from Labrador). Lectotype here designated: Female 

 labeled "P. septentrionalis Sss. Type"; "Labrador"; and with a lectotype 

 label attached by Gurney (Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva). (The 

 Saussure collection contains two series of septentrionalis, one consisting of 

 lectotype, a second containing 17 specimens (15 from Labrador and 2 from 

 "Hudson") (C. Ferriere, in litt., Jan. 23, 1957).) 



Caloptenus extremus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B. M., Pt. 4, p. 681, 1870 (two 

 females from "Arctic America"). Lectotype here designated: Female labeled 

 Caloptenus extremus and as type, and with both hind legs present (British 

 Museum) . (The second original female lacks both hind legs. The lectotype 



