GRASSHOPPERS — GURNEY AND BROOKS 69 



There is no record of borealis from Greenland since Fieber. Henriksen 

 and Lundbeck (1917) and Henriksen (1939) did not report it, and 

 S. L. Tuxen of Copenhagen, who is familiar with current work on 

 Greenland, has assured us (in litt., Jan. 26, 1957) that the Fieber 

 record must be incorrect. No Acrididae have been taken on Green- 

 land by Danish entomologists who in summer collect there regularly. 



Likewise there is no subsequent record of borealis from North Cape 

 or elsewhere in Norway (Ander, 1949a, 1949b; Knaben, 1943), 

 although Scudder (1897b, p. 272) assumed that Fieber's locaUty "Nord. 

 Cap." is the one in Norway. Since Fieber included borealis in a 

 treatment of European Orthoptera, and did not enclose the locality 

 in parentheses, as he did the two non-European localities, it is fair to 

 assume that he regarded North Cape, Norway, as one of his localities. 

 On the other hand, there is North Cape, Prince Edward Island, and 

 Cape North, Nova Scotia, which may have been unknown to him 

 though ports of call for North Atlantic shipping. There is a strong 

 probability that none of Fieber's specimens originated in either 

 Norway or Greenland. Therefore, no definite type locality can be 

 recognized; the lectotype probably came from Labrador or nearby. 

 No information is available about any Fieber material of borealis 

 which may have been deposited at Halle, Germany; the main Fieber 

 collection is in Vienna. 



The synonymy of septentrionalis was indicated by Scudder (1897b, 

 p. 270) and later by Blatchley (1920, p. 424). Blatchley also treated 

 extremus and parvus as synonyms of borealis. Essig (1926, p. 81) 

 incorrectly listed extremus as a synonym of bruneri. Hebard (1925a, 

 p. Ill) treated extremus as a synonym of borealis borealis, and he also 

 placed scandens as a synonym of borealis Junius. Scudder (1897b, 

 p. 287) synonymized parvus under extremus. His interpretation 

 recognized parvus as the northern form with red color prominent on 

 the hind legs rather than the pale type as represented by the synony- 

 mous Junius. It is in agreement with Provancher's description of 

 parvus, which refers to the red color on both hind femur and hind 

 tibia. Hebard (1925a, p. Ill) maj^ have overlooked this feature of 

 parvus, and thus was incorrect in regarding parvus as identical with 

 Junius. Both Junius and parvus were described in 1876, in journal 

 issues of January and April, respectively, though actual dates of 

 mailing have not been ascertained by us. The dates and the identity 

 of parvus are important if in the future the southeastern population 

 should be restored to subspecific rank. 



Scudder utilized what he believed to be differences in the shape of 

 the apical part of the male subgenital plate to separate borealis, 

 extremus and monticola, but his differences are not constant in series 

 of specimens. His scandens consisted of individuals mainly from 



