ICHNEUMONID FINAL INSTAR LARVAE — SHORT 507 



all isolated subfamilies. The Pimplini and Acaenitini are isolated 

 tribes showing some degree of relationship to each other and to the 

 remaining tribes of the Pimplinae. 



There was thought to be no point in attempting to construct a family 

 tree. 



Relationship between the Ichneunionidae and Braconidae 



The tribe Xoridini of the Pimplinae has a type of mandible which 

 resembles that of the subfamily Braconinae of the Braconidae. The 

 Braconinae possess the most generalized larval structure of the 

 Braconidae. Since the larval structure of the Xoridini is also gener- 

 alized, it is possible that this tribe connects the Ichneumonidae to the 

 Braconidae. There is a similarity in larval habit as well as in larval 

 structure since many primitive ichneumonids and braconids are 

 parasites of woodboring insects (see Brues, 1921). 



References 



Ayyar, p. N. Krishna 



1943. Biology of a new ichneumonid parasite of the Amaranthus stem 

 weevil of South India. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (b), vol. 17, pp. 

 27-36. 

 Baker, W. A.; Bradley, W. G.; and Clark, C. A. 



1949. Biological control of the European corn borer in the United States. 

 U.S. Dep. Agr. Techn. Bull. 983, 185 pp. 

 Batjmann C. von 



1933. Zur Kenntnis der Metamorphose von Ephialtes manifest ator L., 



Coleocentrus excitaior Poda und Echthrus reludator L. (Hym. Ichn.). 

 Zool. Anz., vol. 102, pp. 143-155. 

 Beirne, B. p. 



1941. A consideration of the cephalic structures and spiracles of the final 



instar larvae of the Ichneumonidae (Hym.). Trans. Soc. British 

 Ent., vol. 7, pp. 123-190. 



1942. Notes on some lepidopterous pests on fruit trees, and their parasites, 



in Ireland during 1941. Econ. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, vol. 3, 

 pp. 107-118. 

 1942a. The biology and control of the Larch-Shoot Moth, Argyresthia 

 laevigatella H.-S. Econ. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, vol. 3, pp. 130- 

 149. 



1943. The biology and control of the small ermine moths {Hyponomeutr spp.) 



in Ireland. Econ. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, vol. 3, pp. 191-220. 

 Blunk, H. 



1952. Zur Kenntnis der Hyperparasiten von Pieris brassicae L. Pt. 5: 



Hemtteles simillimus sulcatus. Die Metamorphose. Zeitschr. Ang. 



Ent., vol. 33, pp. 421-459. 

 Bradley, W. G., and Burgess, E. D. 



1934. The biology of Cremastus flavo-orbilalis (Cameron), an ichneumonid 



parasite of the European corn borer. U.S. Dep. Agr. Techn. Bull. 

 441, 16 pp. 



