﻿SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS. 689 



remarkable of them all, the epiglacial station, enormous masses 

 of clay strata, and upon them, farther north, of sand and gravel, 

 are deposited on the large terrace-land of Romerike, the northern 

 part of Ringerike, etc. 



Between the third moraine station in the Kristiania valley, 

 and the fifth (the epiglacial) moraine stage, in only a few locali- 

 ties vestiges of marine molkisca are found {portlandia clay 

 with p. lenticula, etc. at Grorud between the 3d and the 4th 

 station, clay with astarte compressa, Mont. [nicania Banksii, 

 Leach), at Jøssum, between 4th stage and the epiglacial moraines). 



P. 182—187. The LopheMa Fauna. From the time of the 

 deepest submergence of the Kristiania region an epiglacial fauna 

 is known, which has lived at a great depth, at least 150 metres. 

 This is the famous dead coral-reef at Drøbak, sout of Kristiania, 

 where the shore from 60 metres below the sea-level to about 

 30 metres above it is covered with the remnants of a great reef 

 of lophelia proUfera (fig., p. 183), On this dead reef is found 

 a very interesting fauna, the most characteristic form of which 

 is the great lima excavata, Fabr. (fig,, p. 184). A comparison 

 with recent occurrences of this fauna in the Norwegian fjords 

 shows, that it must have lived at Drøbak at the depth of at 

 least 150 metres; and if we add to this 30 metres — the high- 

 est level above the sea at which this fauna is found at Drøbak 

 we get a total of 180 metres, a figure which exactly corresponds 

 with the upper marine boundary at Drøbak — an evidence, that 

 the lophelia-reef was formed, partly at any rate, during the 

 deepest submergence of the land at Drøbak. 



Pp 187 — 196, The Close of the Submergence, 



The upper marine boundary at Kristiania is determined at 

 215 — 216 metres above the sea. As clay beds with portlandia 

 lenticula, which must have been deposited immediately in front 

 of an ice-front (they are rich in boulders dropped from icebergs, 

 etc.) are found in the Kristiania valley up to 170 metres, the 



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