﻿SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS. 703 



few, and the arctic species still occurring are only such as have 

 a widespread occurrence, and southern varietes. 



On the other hand a great number of southern, boreal, and 

 lusitanic forms have immigrated. The climate must thus, even 

 at that time, have been a mild, temperate one, probably very 

 similar to the present climate of the Kristiania region or on the 

 West coast of Norway. This conclusion is also confirmed by 

 the iew facts known of the flora from this time. On pp. 386 — 

 388 the investigation of the clay-beds at Bakke in Jarlsberg is 

 mentioned. The list of the flora from this occurrence comprises 

 the following species: corylus avellana (in a southern variety), 

 querctis rohur, ruhus idæus, viola sp., stachys silvatica. It 

 follows from this, that the oak was probably even then a com- 

 mon forest-tree in the Kristiania region. This period of the 

 (leposition of the uppermost ostræa-banks and corresponding clays 

 was thus contemporaneous with the first part of the littorina- 

 time of the Baltic area. 



At the end of this period, the shoreline in the Kristiania 

 region was situated: 

 in the Kristiania Valley . . 70—65 m. above present sea-level 



at Holmestrand 55 - — — — 



at Brevik and Kragerø . . 40 - .— — — 



(see the table, p. 388). 



B. The Upper Tapes-banks and the Isocardia clay. 



Pp. 389—400. 1. The Upper Tapes-banks at Kristiania ; Levet 

 Corresponding to 70—85 o/oo of total uplift. 



From this period of the rise a number of shell-banks (8) are 

 known in the Kristiania Valley (see the table, p. 389). The 

 fauna of these banks comprises only 47 species (see the table, 

 pp. 389, 390), of which 8 are arctic, 20 boreal, and 19 lusitanic; 

 the proportional composition of the fauna is thus 



