Classification of existing Felide. 335 
The species fall into three groups * :— 
(1) The typical lynxes (Lynz s.s.) comprising L. /yna, 
pardellus, isabellinus, and canadensis, and probably other 
species or subspecies. 
(2) The lynxes of temperate America, L. ruffus, fasciatus, 
etc., which Allen and Bangs (see Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xi. 
pp. 48-49, 1897) have shown to differ in certain characters 
from the typical lynxes—namely, the narrower nose, longer 
junction between maxille and nasals, narrower presphenoid, 
less rounded mesopterygoid fossa, closer proximity between 
condyloid foramen and foramen lacerum posterius, longer 
tail, ete. Bangs proposed to distinguish these as a subgenus” 
entitled Cervaria (Eucervaria), but this name belongs, as 
Miller has shown, to the Spanish lynx (L. pardellus), which 
does not exhibit the characters of the temperate American 
forms. 
(3) The caracals (L. caracal) of Africa and India were 
distinguished generically by Gray.on the strength of the 
longer tail and the alleged equality in length of the limbs. 
The latter feature is fictitious, caracals, like the true lynxes, 
being higher on the hind than on the fore limbs, 
The skull resembles that of the lynxes in general characters, 
but is usually narrower in the cranial and facial portions, so 
that the zygomata appear more expanded. ‘The nasals are 
usually less attenuated posteriorly, the preorbital foramen is 
longer, and the small upper premolar is often retained for a 
longer period. More important is the development of the 
external pterygoid crest, which recalls that of Felis and is 
practically suppressed in the true lynxes, 
Genus TricHa.urus, Satunin. 
Otocalobus, Severtz. 1858, p. 886 (preocce.) ; type manul, Pall. 
Trichelurus, Satunin, pp. 495 (1905) ; type manul, Pall. 
Distr. Central Asia as far south as the western Himalayas. 
One species known. 
A small long-tailed cat with a broad head and short, 
rounded, widely separated ears, and a circular ocular pupil. 
Skull, generally speaking, of the Felis and Lyna type, but 
broader and shorter, with the face steeply sloped from a 
point near the middle of the orbit; the orbits set higher, 
with a more forward aspect, their lower edge compressed, 
* Not including the little-known ZL. sardinia, Mola (Boll. Soe. Zool. 
Ital. Rome, (2) ix. p. 48, 1908), which has the tail relatively as long 
as in L, caracal. 
