QS Dr. W. C. M'Intosh on the 



XII. — On the Invertebrate Marine Fauna and Fishes of 

 St. Andrews. By W. C. M'Intosh. 



[Continued from voL xiii. p. 432.] 



Subkingdom ANNUL OSA. 



Series I. ANNULOIDA. 



Class ECHINODERMATA. 



The Ecliinoderms of St. Andrews, though plentiful, are by 

 no means remarkable, being those generally distributed over the 

 north-east coast. We do not find the rosy feather, the bird's- 

 foot, and the little cushion starfishes so abundant on the south- 

 ern and western shores, the former extending to the tangles 

 of Shetland and far into the Atlantic. The beautiful pale 

 bluish-purple Asterias glacialis, so common under littoral 

 stones at Herm, and the great Luidia Savignii of the sur- 

 rounding currents are absent (though the former occasionally 

 occurs on the east coast of Scotland) ; and so is Asterias 

 Miilleri of the Hebridean lochs. The northern waters are 

 further distinguished by the piper (Cidaris papiUata) and 

 swarms of Echinus norvegicus ; and the southern by the 

 splendid condition of the purple, Fleming's, and the silky- 

 spined urchins. The profusion of sea-cucumbers characteristic 

 of certain parts affords another contrast : thus, as truly said 

 by Prof. Edward Forbes, the giant of the race seems to have 

 rallied all his subjects around him in the rich tangle-forests 

 of the Zetlandic voes. The vast numbers of Synapta tenera 

 on the muddy banks of the numerous islets in the Sound of 

 Harris is distinctive, just as the abundance of Synapta Oal- 

 liennii (which the Rev. Mr. Norman seems inclined to link 

 on to S. inhcerens) is in Belgrave Bay, Guernsey, and a large 

 brownish-purple species on the south-west coast of Ireland. 



The places of the rare are filled by a multitude of the 

 common forms, which abound on the beach after storms, and 

 under stones between tide-marks, or are dredged in the sur- 

 rounding waters. The ease with which the development of 

 the young of this group can be observed opens up an excellent 

 field for future investigators. 



I have to thank the Rev. A. M. Norman for his kind 

 assistance in revising the following list, and determining 

 several Holothuroidea. 



