256 Mr. B. F. Cummliigs on the 



M'Intosh. 1874. Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. ix. part 7. " On British 

 Annelida," 



1885. 'Challenger' Reports, Zoology, vol. xii. "Annelida 

 Polychaeta." 



1908. ' Monograph of British Annelida. — Polychaeta,' vol. ii. 

 part i. 



1908. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. ii. (Dec. 1908). 

 1009. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. iii. (Feb. 1909). 



'' British Spionidse." 



1909. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. " Notes from the Gatty Marine 

 laboratory.— No. XXXI." 



1910. ' Monograph of British Annelida. — Polychteta,' vol. ii. 

 part ii. 



XX — Note on the Mouth-parts in a Species of Pol^^plax 

 (Anophna) and on the Relationship between Anophira and 

 Mnllophaga. By BruCE F. Cummings, British Museum 

 (NaluralHistoiy). 



(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 



One of the most interesting of recent memoirs on the Ano- 

 ])lura and Mallophaga is that published in the 'Arkiv for 

 Zoologi ' I'or 1910 *, by Dr. Eric Mjoberg of the Academy of 

 ►^"cieiicep, in Stockholm. In the course of this work, entitled 

 ' ISiudien iiber Mallophagen und Anopluren/ the author 

 brings forward a very considerable amount of morpliological 

 evidence, gleaned from various regions of the anatomy, 

 showing good cause why the Anoplura, or blood-sucking lice 

 (usually taken to be allied to the Rliynchota), should be 

 regarded as more closely related to the Mallopiiaga — or 

 mandibuhite bird-lice. An account of previous views of the 

 systematic position of the two orders is given on page 203, 

 and a recapitulation is here unnecessary. Mjoberg links the 

 Mallophaga with the Psocidas and the Psocidai witli some 

 Blattoid-like stem-form. 



For the first time, Mjoberg lias presented us with a more 

 or less extended comjarison of the two groups — system lor 

 system ; and, by marshalling unmistakable likenesses in the 

 genital organs, the tracheal system, the external morpliology, 

 and even the mouth-parts, lias placed the intimate phylo- 

 genetic relationship of Anoplura and MalLiphaga on a sound 

 basis. The Anoplura, tiierefoie, appear to be Mallophaga 

 which have taken to sucking blood, and are modified accord- 

 ingly. It has been suggested that some Mallophaga, such as 



* ' Arkiv for Zoologi," vi. 1910, pp. 1- 296. 



