338 Geological Society, 



December 16th, 1914.— Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S., President, 

 in the Chair. 



A Lecture was delivered by Prof. W. M. Flinders Peteie, 

 D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.B.A., on the Paleolithic Age and 

 its Climate in Egypt. 



He said that the classes of worked flints peculiar in Egypt are : 



(1) Irregular, with broad unregulated fractures. (2) Kounders, 

 flaked in all directions to an edged disc. (3) Hoofs, very thick, 

 rudely domed with an obtuse edge. (4) Lunes, with obtuse edges. 

 (5) Crescent scrapers. Irregular flints, similar to those from 

 St. Acheul, are found in liigh Nile gravels. 



The regular European types occur exactly like those classed 

 as Chellean and Acheulian. The Mousterian fonns are so often 

 found in various periods, that they cannot be assigned without 

 evidence of age. The Am'ignacian survive into the early civiliz- 

 ation. The large class of flints from the Fajaim desert comprises 

 all the Solutrean types, and also Eobenhausian forms. The flakes 

 of the early civilization (8000 to 6000 B.C.) are identical with 

 Magdalenian , 



Views of the Nile cliffs show the general nature of the countty 

 and conditions. Successive changes of level are indicated by (1) 

 the collapse of immense di*ainage-caverns far below preseht level ; 



(2) the filling of valleys wdth debris up to 650 feet above the 

 present sea-level ; (>S) the gouging-out of fresh drainage-lines 

 through the filling ; and (4) rolled gravels on the top of cliffs 

 800 feet above sea-level, since when there has been no perceptible 

 denudation by rain. The great extent of these elevations and 

 depressions is likely to be connected with similar movements at 

 Gibraltar, which are believed to synchronize with the movements 

 of glacial periods in Nol'thern Europe. The e\'idence of the flint 

 ages agrees with this connexion. 



January 20th, 1915.— Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.E.S., President, 

 in the Chair, 



The following communications were read : — 



1. ' The Geology of the District around Machynlleth and the 

 Llyfnant Valley.' By Prof. Owen Thomas Jones, M.A., D.Sc, 

 F.G.S., and William John Pugh, B.A., University College of Wales, 

 -Aberystwyth. 



In an introduction a brief account is given of the physical 

 features, general succession, and sti'ucture of the area, and reference 

 is made to the work of previous investigators, especially to that of 

 Walter Keeping. For the major groups the classification applied 

 in 1909 to the district around Plynlimon and Pont Erwyd is 

 adopted, bvit slight differences are introduced in the arrangement of 

 •the minor groups. The classification is as follows : — 



