the Trondhjem Fiord. 347 
Lasiaster hispidus. Echinus acutus. 
S. Lophaster furcifer. elegans. 
Pteraster militaris. * —— norvegicus, 
S. pulvillus. Schizaster fragilis. 
S. Retaster multipes. Holothuria. tremula. 
S. Brisinga endecacnemos. Echinocucumis hispida. 
S. —— coronata. Myriotrochus brevis. 
ACTINOZOA. 
Many fine Pennatulids and Virgularians. 
SPONGOZOA. 
Craniella cranium. *Trichostemma hemisphericum. 
Thenea muricata. Cladorhiza abyssicola. 
*Cydonium Normani. * pennatula. 
*Synops Macandrei. Stylocordyla longissima. 
*Isops phlegreei. borealis. 
The mud is of a wholly different character from that of the 
Atlantic. It contains a large amount of mineral matter, 
while the shells of Globrgerina and Orbulina are rarely repre- 
sented. ‘The Foraminifera are chiefly characterized by a 
large development of arenaceous forms, including many very 
interesting species, and by the lar oe proportion of shells 
which belong to the Bulimine allies. 
The Precipices. 
The chief interest in the dredging of the Norwegian fiords 
centres in the work on the precipices. ‘These often descend 
almost or quite perpendicularly from close to the shore to the 
bottom of the abyss. At Rédberg the whole of the western 
shore seems thus to sweep down into the fiord; but as I did 
little dredging on that side of the fiord, I shall speak only of 
that part of the eastern shore which is close to Rédberg 
itself. Here, according to my observations, there are three 
chief precipices. The first of these lies to the south and does 
not descend immediately from low-water mark, but runs out 
obliquely in a south-westerly direction from a little outside 
the end of the pier, the precipice thus facing N.E. In my 
first day’s dredging I got upon this precipice most satisfac- 
torily and brought up a dredge full of rare things, including 
the fine Alcyonarians Paragorgia arborea, Paramuricea placo- 
mus, Briareum grandiflorum, and Duva rosea, the corals 
Lophohelia prolifera and Amphihelia ramea, and the hydroid 
coral Stylaster gemmascens ; together with various sponges, 
including Geodia Barrett, Phakellia ventilabrum, and Tra- 
gosta injundibuliformis ; on and among these was arich fauna, 
embracing Gorgonocephalus Lamarckwt and Linckwi, Ophio- 
