Limbs and Mouth-parts of Crustaceans and Insects. 423 
in water [not glycerine] and taken from large specimens 
which have been preserved for some time in fairly weak 
alcohol; they can, however, also be observed in ordinary 
elycerine preparations.) An examination of older prepara- 
tions (most kindly lent to me by Prof. Claus) of Paranebalia 
longipes, W.-S., displayed no especially distinct conditions, 
yet in a pair ‘of appendages I observed the small basal 
segment. In Sars’s figure of the last pair of limbs this basal 
segment may be seen divided off on the outer margin (‘ Chal- 
lenger ’ Report, vol. xix.) ; 1f we reckon two more segments 
for the epipodite and exopodite we get nine segments, since 
the figure alluded to shows beyond the base of the exopodite 
SIX secments, 0 of which the last is very short (I have con- 
vinced myself of its existence in some legs from Claus’s 
preparations). 
17. The first segment of the maxillule bears a masticating- 
lobe of considerable size, which is articulated to it near the 
base ; the second segment has only a narrow rigid plate of 
chitin and is destitute of the masticating-lobe ; the third 
segment passes insensibly into a short broad lobe. These 
conditions can be very easily observed if the muscles are to 
a certain extent removed. (The composition of the maxille 
I have not been able to determine with certainty.) 
8. KUMALACOSTRACA (§§ 18-27). 
18. Myside.—The antenne have a six-jointed stem (cf. 
vebalia, § 15) ; the outer ramus (squama) arises from the third 
segment (cf Copepoda, § 10). The mandibles have a 
“lacinia mobilis” (for the explanation of this term see 
Hansen, “ Cirolanide”’), As in Nebalia, the two lobes of 
the maxillule spring from the first and third segments (vide 
“ Tnjmphna-Togtet’’). ‘The lobes of the maxillee arise from 
the second and third segments (the boundary between the 
first and second segments is incorrectly indicated in “ Dijm- 
phna-Togtet”) and the exopodite from the third segment. 
The first segment of the feet has disappeared, so that the 
exopodite springs from the second segment; the foot there- 
fore consists of eight segments (cf. $16), for I regard the 
claw as a modified segment, or, in other words, the terminal 
segment has become cheliform ; the basal segment is much 
shorter than the second; the “ ‘knee,” where the chief move- 
ment in a vertical direction takes place, is found between the 
fifth and sixth segments (Boas). In the earliest stages of 
the larva we find at the end of the abdomen two somewhat 
firmly chitinized, narrow, hard processes (van Beneden, 
