AT4 Miscellaneous. 
groups cease towards the tip of the beak, where they are replaced 
by Herbst’s corpuscles ; the latter are so numerous that, in certain 
preparations, they are seen to entirely fill the cavities of the spongy 
bone which forms the skeleton of the beak. In the crow no glands 
are scen in the median third of the beak; the fowl, on the other 
hand, shows well the two palatine groups of glands, which are in 
contact the one with the other in the median line. 
b. The lower jaw and tongue.-—The study of the glands of the 
tongue is inseparable from that of the lower jaw. The organs are 
those which, in the species in which they are found, have been 
described under the name of sublingual and submaxillary glands. 
In the just-hatched chick frontal sections affecting the base of the 
tongue show two groups of glands of considerable size and another 
smaller one. The most important group opens by a series of orifices 
into the furrow which separates the tongue from the jaw. This 
group is composed of glandular lobes which are developed, not 
beneath the tongue, but in the floor of the mouth, beneath the 
mucous membrane which covers the mandible, and which almost 
come into contact with the bone. ‘The second group of smaller size 
occupies the two corners of the tongue, which, in frontal sections, 
naturally presents the appearance of a triangle, with its base 
uppermost and the apex beneath serving for the insertion of the 
organ. In the two free corners of the tongue are found the groups of 
glands which penetrate into the interior, as far as the three bones, 
as yet in a cartilaginous condition, which form the skeleton of the 
organ. 
The third group is situated in the actual thickness of the beak, 
at the level of its free edge and internally to the inner margin 
of the upper jaw (‘‘en dedans du bord interne du maxillaire 
supérieur ”’); it is composed of somewhat small lobes, which open 
opposite the edges of the tongue, and consequently correspond to 
the glands of the second group. 
In the tongue of the adult duck, the two islets which form our 
second group are greatly developed at the base, at the level of the 
fatty-fibrous cushion which reduplicates the mucous membrane ; as 
has been shown by M. Ranvier, they are non-existent at the tip. 
c. The pharynx and wsophagus.—In the chick some considerable 
time before it is hatched we find in the pharynx only very volu- 
minous and greatly swollen epithelial buds, comparable to the buds 
of feathers, but penetrating inwards instead of projecting from the 
surface. They form two groups—the one anterior, which occupies 
the pharyngeal side of the laryngo-cesophageal septum, and the 
other posterior, composed of two lateral masses which come into 
contact in the median line. The house-sparrow furnishes us with 
the complete development of this simple condition, for in this species 
we may count as many as six distinct groups of glands—two median 
and four lateral ones. 
The anterior median group is situated between the cesophagus 
and the larynx; it is quadrate in shape, and extends in breadth 
from one mucous membrane to the other, so that, although we have 
