14 



attempts to breed, and eggs have been laid and even j^oung hatched in 

 October and November in Northants, Warwick, Oxford, Suffolk, Hants, 

 Sussex, Cornwall and Devon {Zool. 1904, p. 422 etc.). In Germany Dr. Rey 

 found full clutches usually between April 10 — 15, and Almasy observed 

 fledged young at the month of the Pruth on May 24, while in Denmark 

 Kjserbolling gives the second half of April as the usual time.* 

 Measure- Average of 100 eggs (Germany) 40.7 X 27 mm. (Rey), Max. 48X30.2 



ments. jtuq. (coU. Blagg) , Min, 35X28 and 35.3X24.2 mm. An abnormally 

 long egg measures 48.3X25.2 mm. and weighs 1.12 g. (Rey). Average 

 weight 1.034 g. (Rey). Dwarf eggs are also occasionally met with, 23 X 18.7 

 mm., etc. Average weight of 8 full eggs 15.97 g. (N. H. Foster). 



5. Jackdaw, Coloeus moiiediila spermologiis (Vieill.). 



Plate 5, fig. 7 — 14 (Germany). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab. XL, fig. 4, a — d. Hewitson, I. Ed. 

 I, pL XLIV; II. Ed, I, pi. L, fig. 2; III. Ed. I, pi. LX, fig. 2. Baedeker, 

 Tab. 24, fig. 4. Taczanowski, Tab. XXX. Seebohm, Br. Birds, pi. 16; 

 id. Col. Fig., pi. 55. Frohawk, Br. Birds, II, pi. VI, fig. 222—228. 



Nest: 0. Lee, I, p. 160. 



British Local Names: England: Daiv, Kae, Jack. Welsh: Coeg 

 fran. Scotland: Kae, Ka-watUe. Orkneys: Kae. Gaelic: Cathag, Corrachan. 

 Erse: Caivg, Cawdhoge (phonetic). 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Kavka. Denmark: Allike, Kaa. Faeroes: 

 Hetlands kraaka. France: Choucas, (Jorbeau clioucas, Choncas grise, Petite 

 corneille. Germany: Dolile, Duhle, Tliule. Helgoland: Kauk. Holland: 

 Kerk-kaiiw, Toren-kraai or Ka, Kauw. Hungary: Csbka. Italy: Taccola, 

 Corhatell, Monachia. Luxemburg: Klenge Metzerkuoh. Malta: Ciaida, Cola. 

 Poland: Kruk kawka. Portugal: Caneta, Clioia. Sardinia: Corroga, Taccida. 

 Spain: Ordja, Orajo, Cornelia blanca. 



Corvus monedida L. Dresser, Birds of Europe, IV, p. 523; Newton, 

 ed. Yarrell II, p. 305; Saunders, Man, p. 239; Dresser, Man. of Pal. 

 Birds, p. 419. Coloeus monedida spermologus (Vieill.). Hartert, Vog. Pal. 

 Fauna, p. 16. 



Breeding Range: The west-European race of the Jackdaw inhabits 

 the British Isles and the whole of the European Continent, with the 

 exception of Scandinavia, where it is replaced by the typical race, and 

 Russia and the Balkan peninsula, where C. m. collaris Drumm. is the 

 prevalent form. The exact limits of each race are however as yet imperfectly 

 known. [Occurs locally also in N. W, Africa.] 



* But Ottosson says that in Scandinavia the eggs are laid in March, three 

 weeks earlier than those of C. comix, unless the weather is very severe. 



