17 



C. monedula monedula {L.). Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 15. 



Breeding Range: Norway and Sweden south of Trondhjem Fjord. 

 Common in the towns and villages of south Sweden. The eastern limits 

 of this race are not yet clearly defined. 



In breeding habits and eggs it does not appear to differ from the 

 west European form, and the few eggs examined show no departure from 

 the western type. Number of eggs usually 5 — 6, less commonly 4 or 7. 



Average measurements (7 eggs), 35.44 X 24.8 mm. 



I). West European Jackdaw, C. monedula spermologus (Vieill.). See antea p. 13. 

 c. East European Jackdaw, C. monedula collaris (Drumm.). 



Local Names: Bohemia: Kavka. Bulgaria: Cavka. Finland: Naakha, 

 Hdkkinen. Greece: Kaliakoilnda, Koloios, Karya. Russia: Oalka. 



C. monedula collaris (Drumm.). Hartert, Vog, Pal. Fauna, p. 17. 



Breeding Range: European Russia (except in the extreme north), 

 locally in Transylvania, the Balkan Peninsula. [Also the Caucasus, Armenia, 

 Mesopotamia, N. W. Persia, Turkestan, Afghanistan and Kashmir.] 



13 eggs of this race from Transylvania in Mr. F. C. Selous' collection 

 and 8 from Turkey average 35.26 X 25.67 mm., Max. 39.2 X 26 and 

 36.4 X 27 mm., Min. 31.5 X 26 and 36 X 24.2 mm., and do not appear to 

 differ from those of the western race. Kriiper describes these birds as 

 nesting in holes of rocks and trees, as well as under the roofs and in the 

 scaffold holes of houses in Macedonia. Eggs 5 — 7 in number, laid in April; 

 in the hills till late in May (Kriiper); in Montenegro Fiihrer took 84 sets 

 between April 23 and May 15. 



6. Magpie, Pica pica (L.). 



Plate 3, fig. 1 — 10 (Germany); PI. 41, fig. 11 (Gliicksburg, von Wangelin). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab. XL, fig. 3, a — e. Hewitson, I. Ed. I, 

 pi. LXV; XL Ed. I, pi. LI, fig. 1—2; IIL Ed. I, pi. LX, fig. 3. Baedeker, 

 Tab. 28, fig. 1. Taczanowski, Tab. XXX, fig. 1. Seebohm, Brit. Birds, pi. 16; 

 id. Col. Fig., pi. 55. Frohawk, Br. Birds, II, pi. VI, fig. 218—221. 



Nest: 0. Lee, III, p. 136. 



British Local Names: England: Pie, Chatterpie, Pyet, Pyanet, Ninut, 

 Nanpie, Madge. Welsh: Pioden. Scotland: Pyot. Gaehc: Pioghaid. Ire- 

 land: Mag. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Sir oka. Bosnia: Oavran. Denmark: 

 Almindelig Skade, Heister. Finland: Harakka. France: Pie ordinaire, 

 Mar got, Agasse. Germany: Elsier, Alster, Agerst, Schalaster, Langstiel. 

 Greece: Karakdza. Holland: Ekster, Bonte Ekster, Atzel. Hungary: 

 Szarka. Italy: Gazza, Cecca, Gazzera. Lapland: Beios' a-karanas. Luxem- 



