24 



varying from 530 to 700 mg. Unblown eggs according to Vogel weigh 

 from 8.5 to 11.5 g., while Schiitt gives 10.27 to 11.15 g. as the weight. 



Geographical Races. 



a. Thick-billed Nutcracker, IS. caryocatactes earyocatactes (L.) See an tea, p. 31. 

 b. Thin-billed Nutcracker, N. caryocatactes macrorhyuchos Brehm. 



N. caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 26. 



Breeding Range: Siberia, except Kamtschatka, where it is replaced 

 by N. c. kamchatkensis Barrett-Ham. This form, which is resident in the 

 forest country east of the Urals, is the bird which periodically occurs on 

 autumn and winter on migration, both on the continent and in the British 

 Isles. In breeding habits it probably does not differ from the western 

 race, but nothing is definitely known on the subject. Seebohm's statement 

 that it retires into the forests in June for breeding purposes has been 

 shown to be erroneous, as some of the birds that he secured were birds 

 of the year. 



91). British Jay, Oarrulus glaiidarius rufitergnm Hart. 



Eggs: Hewitson, I. Ed. I, pi. CXII, fig. 2; E. Ed. I, pi. LI, fig. 3; 

 in. Ed. I, pi. LX, fig. 1. Seebohm, Brit. Birds, pi. 16; id. Col. Fig., pi. 55. 

 Frohawk, Br. Birds, pi. VI, fig. 216 — 217. [The eggs figured are most 

 probably those of this race, which are however indistinguishable from eggs 

 of typical Q. glandarius L.] 



Nest: 0. Lee, IV, p. 78. 



British Local Names: England: Jay-pie, Jay-pyot, Jay bird. Welsh: 

 Screch-y-coed. 



Oarrulus glandarius (L.). Dresser, Birds of Europe, IV, p. 481; 

 Newton, ed. Yarrell, II, p. 323; Saunders, Manual, p. 235; Dresser, Man. 

 Pal. Birds, p. 411 [partim]. O. glandarius rufltergum Hart. Hartert, Vog. 

 Pal. Fauna, p. 30. 



Breeding Range: Grreat Britain and Ireland. 



This handsome bird is generally distributed throughout all the 

 wooded districts of England and Wales: its silent and skulking habits 

 during the breeding season enabling it to hold its own even in those 

 counties where game preservation is extensively carried on. From treeless 

 districts, such as west Cornwall, and moorlands it is naturally absent, and 

 is not found on the Isle of Man. In Ireland Ussher records it as breeding 

 in Leinster and the adjoining part of Munster (i. e. the basins of the Rivers 

 Suir, Nore and Barrow), while in other parts of Ireland it is either an 

 irregular visitor or altogether unknown. In Scotland it is found in wooded 



