26 

 Geographical Races. 



a. Continental Jay, €r. glaudarius glandarius (L.). 



Plate 7, fig. 1 and 3 — 6 (Germany), 2 (Switzerland). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab. XLI, fig. 6, a— f. Baedeker, Tab. 50, 

 fig. 17. Taczanowski, Tab. XXXI, fig. 2. 



Foreign Names: Bobemia: Sojka. Denmark: Skovskade. Finland: 

 Ndrhi. France: Geai ordinaire, Ze. Germany: Hdher, Eichelhaher, Nuss- 

 halier, Hdgert, Markolf. Helgoland: Hddger. Holland: Vlaamsche Gaai, 

 Meerkolf. Huiagaij: Szajko. Italy: Ohiandaja, Berta, Oagia. Norway: /5A;oi;- 

 skrika. Poland: Sbjka pospoUta. Russia; Soika. Sweden: Notskrika, Allon- 

 skrika, Kornskrika, Skogskata. 



O. glandarius (L.). Dresser, 1. c. [partim]. O. glandariiis glandarius (L.). 

 Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 29. 



Breeding Range: Tlie whole of Europe with the exception of the 

 British Isles, the Iberian peninsula (where it is replaced by G. g. fasciatus 

 A. E. Brehm), south-eastern Russia {G. g. caspius Seeb.) and the eastern 

 part of the Balkan peninsula {G. g. krynicki Kal.), while other forms 

 inhabit Sardinia and Cyprus. 



Wherever woods and plantations occur the Jay is usually found 

 throughout the great European plain. It appears to be absent from Bomholm, 

 and has not been recorded from the Scandinavian forests north of the 

 Arctic circle, but in Russia Gobel mentions it in his list from north-west 

 Russian Lapland, and Wolley obtained one at Muonioniska in autumn, 

 while it is found throughout Finland. In the higher Alpine forests it is 

 replaced by the Nutcracker, though plentiful in the lower valleys of Switzer- 

 land. The exact range of the typical race and of G. g. krynicki in the 

 Balkan peninsula is as yet undetermined, but Kriiper records glandarius 

 as resident throughout Greece and common on Olympus, and it is the 

 resident form in Montenegro, the greater part of Bulgaria and is the only 

 form found in the Dobriidscha. 

 Nest In nesting habits this race closely resembles that alveady described, 



but Kleinschmidt mentions an instance of a nest having been found built 

 on the ground in the side of a hollow way, and von Wangelin records 

 another on a heap of brushwood, scarcely a yard from the ground. A 

 nest is also said to have been found in a hole of a tree [Journ. f. Ornith. 

 1861, p. 470). 

 Eggs. Usually the number of eggs in the same as that of G. g. rufitergum. 



(According to Kleinschmidt exceptional cases have occurred of 8, 9 and even 

 10 eggs being found.) 

 Bleeding In Greccc the end of April or the beginning of May (Kriiper); in 



Season. Switzerland in April or May, while Rey found clutches in Germany from 



