41 



Eggs from the Dobrudscha were taken about mid-June (Hodek). Near 

 Odessa in 1844 nesting began early in May, and in 1856 near Bumabat 

 the young had in many instances left the nest by June 30, but on the 

 other hand Kriiper did not meet mth fledged young till July 11 in 1871. 

 It is evident that the time of laying varies considerably in different years. 



Average of 80 eggs (54 measured by the writer, 23 by Rey and Measure- 

 3 by Reiser) 28.68X21.03 mm.. Max. 32x20.8 and 29.8x22 mm., ""ents. 

 Min. 26 X 21.3 and 26.5 X 19.5 mm. Average weight (23 eggs) 408 mg., 

 varying from 350 to 450 mg. (Rey). 



ORIOLIDAE. 



16. Grolden Oriole, Oriolus oriolus (L.). 



Plate 8, fig. 1 — 4 (Germany). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Portpfl., Tab. XXVII, fig. 11, a — c. Hewitson, 

 I. Ed. I, pi. XIII; n. Ed. I, pi. XX; EI. Ed. I, pi. XXVI, fig. 1. Baedeker, 

 Tab. 50, fig. 10. Taczanowski, Tab. XXXII, fig. 1. Seebohm, Br. Birds, 

 pi. 11; id. Col. Fig., pi. 54. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Zluva obecna, MatJies. Denmark: Guld- 

 pirol, Gulddrossel. Finland: Kuhankaittdja. France: Loriot jaune. Germany: 

 Pirol, Kirschpirol, Goldamsel. Greece: Sykophdgos, Kitronpouli. Helgoland: 

 Biiloiv. Holland: Wiele-ivaal, Oele goiav, Goud-merel. Hungary: Sdrga 

 Bigo. Italy: Rigogolo, Bependol. Poland: WUga zblta. Portugal: Papafigo, 

 Marellante. Russia: Ivolga. Spain: Oropendola. Sweden: Sommargylling, 

 Gultrast. 



Oriolus galhida L. Dresser, Birds of Europe, III, p. 365; Newton, 

 ed. Yarrell, I, p. 233; Saunders, Manual, p. 145; Dresser, Man. Pal. Birds, 

 p. 226. 0. oriolus oriolus (L.). Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 51. 



Breeding Range: Continental Europe generally; excepting Norway, 

 Sweden (except possibly in the south), north and west Finland, and Russia 

 north of about 60° N. lat. In the British Isles it has bred occasionally 

 in the south of England. [Also in Asia; Persia, Turkestan, and S. Siberia 

 to the Altai range ; as well as in Tunis, Algeria (?) and Marocco.] 



The Oriole is a tolerably frequent migrant to the south of England, British 

 and has nested, or attempted to do so, in Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Northants, ^*^^^- 

 Herts, Devon, Surrey, and several times in Kent. For particulars of two 

 instances in which a brood was successfully reared see Zool. 1874, p. 4232; 

 1875, p. 4624. It may possibly have nested at Tresco, in the Scillies, 

 where it occurs frequently in spring. 



