Korone. Helgoland: Kreih. Holland: Bonte Kraai, Orijze- or Liimmel- 

 Kraai. Hungary: Dolmanyos Varju, Varju. Iceland: Krdka. Italy: Cor- 

 nacchia higia, Cornaccliia, Taccola, Corronca, Midacchia. Lapland: Vuorox:ds, 

 Vuoras. Luxemburg: Grove knoh. Norway: Kraake. Poland: Kruk ivrona. 

 Russia: Seraja worona, Woroka. Sweden: Krdka, Ord Krdka, Kajsa. 



Corvus comix L. Dresser, Birds of Europe, IV, p. 543; Newton, 

 ed. Yarrell, II, p. 275; Saunders, Man., p. 245; Dresser, Man. Pal. Birds, 

 p. 42 L C. comix comix L., Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 9. 



Breeding Range: Common in Norway, Sweden, the whole of European 

 Russia, but least numerous in the south-east, the Fgeroes, Scotland, Ireland, 

 Denmark, eastern Germany, Austro-Hungary, Majorca and Minorca, Sicily, 

 Italy, the Balkan peninsula and the Cyclades (Naxos). 



[West Siberia as far as the Lena, Crete, Cyprus and the countries 

 bordering on the eastern Mediterranean are also inhabited by this species, 

 and the Sardinian and Persian races are mentioned below.] 

 British Ii England a few instances of the breeding of this bird are on 



Isles, record, mostly from the east coast counties (Northumberland, Yorkshire, 

 Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Suffolk and perhaps Essex), but occasionally inland, 

 as in Warwickshire in 1887. It is a well known resident in the Isle of 

 Man, and is generally distributed throughout Ireland and the adjacent 

 islands, being especially common in the south-west. In Scotland is fre- 

 quently interbreeds with C. corone, but tends to replace it in the north 

 and is found in the Hebrides, Orkneys, Shetlands and St. Kilda. Along 

 the coast the nest is frequently built on the cliffs, and is as a rule easy 

 of access and not overhung by rock like that of C. corax. In treeless 

 districts such as North Uist, the nest is often placed on the ground, among 

 heather: while low bushes are also utilized where trees are not available, 

 and instances are on record where it has been placed on a building (Zool. 

 1899, p. 78) or on a crofter's hut (Gray). 

 The Con- I^ Scandinavia and the greater part of Russia as far as the forest 



tineiit. limit, it is plentiful, breeding in the pine or birch woods, and is also 

 common in Jutland and the Danish Islands, often nesting close to the 

 farms. It has once or twice bred in Holland and I have seen a pair on 

 Texel at the end of May. In Germany the distribution of this species has 

 been carefully worked ont and is well shown on the map which illustrates 

 Matschie's paper in the Journal filr Ornithologie for 1887, p. 617 — '648 

 (Tab. III). Roughly the western limit of C. comix may be defined by a 

 line drawn from the mouth of the Eider, by Neumiinster, Liineburg, Helm- 

 stadt, Naumburg and Chemnitz to Pima. A second line from Rostock by 

 Wusterhausen, Brandenburg, Luckenwalde and Gorlitz to Zittau defines the 

 eastern limit of C. corone, while the space between the two lines in occu- 

 pied by both species in varying proportions. In Switzerland this species 



