e. Iceland Raven, C. corax principalis Ridgir. 



Plate 1, Fig. 6 (Greenland). 



Local Names: Hrafn, Krummi. 



Breeding Range: Iceland. [Also Greenland and Labrador to Alaska.] 



In Iceland the eggs, usually 4 — 5 in number, sometimes 3 only in 

 second layings, are deposited late in March or more frequently in April 

 (Hantzsch). The nest is usually built on the sea cliffs. 



Average of 18 Icelandic eggs 51.75 X 34.8 mm., Max. 57 X 32.3 and 

 54.2 X 36.3 mm., Min. 47.5 X 35 and 57 x 32.3 mm. Bendire gives 

 49.53 X 34.54 mm. as the average of 39 eggs. Average weight (of 4 eggs) 

 1.96 g. (Hantzsch). 



d. Spanish Raven, C. corax hispanns Hart. & Kleinseh. 



Local Names: Portugal: Corvo. Spain: Cuervo, Grajo. 



C. corax hispanus H. & Kl. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 5. 



Breeding Range: the Iberian peninsula, where it is a generally 

 distributed resident. It breeds indiscriminately in rocks or trees according 

 to the district. Eggs 3 — 7. The time of laying appears to vary con- 

 siderably. Saunders saw large young on March 18 at Baza (Granada) and 

 describes it as nesting near Malaga in mid-February while Irby says that 

 laying begins about mid-March; but in the pine woods of Andalucia, where 

 it is common, the great majority of eggs are laid in the last week of April 

 or the first week in May. Average (32 eggs) 47.64 x 33.14 mm.. Max. 

 54.2 X 35.2 mm., Min. 44 X 33 and 46.3 X 32.2 mm. Average weight 

 (12 eggs) 1.935 g.. Max. 2.39 g. 



e. Sardinian Raven, C. corax sardos Kleinseh. 



Local Name: Corvo. 



C. corvus sardus Kl, Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 6. 



Breeding Range: Sardinia, where it is very common, Corsica and 

 probably elsewhere in the Mediterranean. Nests chiefly in cliffs, but also in 

 the forests and lays 4 — 6 eggs, which are deposited about the end of March 

 and early in April (Whitehead). 



Average of 16 eggs from S. Corsica in Tring Museum 46,55 X 32,78 

 mm., Max. 59.3X36.5 mm., Min. 44X30.5 mm. 



f. Tangfier or Irby's Raven, C. corax ting'itanus Irhj. 



Local Names: Algeria: VHbrdhh. Marocco: Grdh. Spain: Cuervo. 



Corvus tingitanus Irby. Dresser, Birds of Europe, IV, p. 563. Corvus 

 leptonyx Peale. Id. Man. Pal. Birds, p. 425. C. corax tingitanus Irby. Hartert, 

 Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 6. 



