54 



Breeding It is an early breeder, nesting in Scotland from early in April to 



Season. ^}jg beginning of May, and generally rearing a second brood in June. 

 St. John found well fledged young near Nairn on April 26, and Hancock 

 found young nearly fledged in Elgin on May 2, but it is not unusual to 

 find fresh eggs in the first week of May in Ross. In Ireland Ussher found 

 the first clutches in Waterford and Wicklow early in April, and second 

 broods in June. Young birds have been seen on the wing on April 29. 

 On the Continent eggs are found in April or early May, and again in June. 

 Measure- Average of 72 eggs laid in a wild state, 16.27 X 12.02 mm., Max. 



ments. 18.5x12.4 and 18.1X13 mm. (co. Wicklow), Min. 14.7X12 and 

 16.6 X 11.1 mm. (Scotland). Of the above 72 eggs, 4 were taken in Ire- 

 land, 49 in Scotland and 19 from the Continent (Thuringia, Styria, etc.). 

 [Carduelis trhtris (L.) is said to have occuri-ed once on Achill Island {Zool. 

 1894, p. 396).] 



31. Linnet, Carduelis cannabina (L.). 



Plate 11, Fig. 1 — 5 (Germany). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab. XXXV, fig. 10, a — c. Hewitson, 

 I. Ed. I, pi. XCVI, fig. 1, 2; II. Ed. I, pi. XLV, fig. 1; III. Ed. I, pi. LI, fig. 1. 

 Baedeker, Tab. 20, fig. 13. Taczanowski, Tab. LXXI, fig. 2. Seebohm, Brit. 

 Birds, pi. 13; id. Col. Fig., pi. 57. Frohawk, Br. Birds, II, pi. V, fig. 158 — 167. 



Nest: 0. Lee, IV, p. 40. 



British Local Names: Qrey, Red, Brown, Rose, Blood, Furze or 

 Whin-Linnet; Grey, Whin-grey, Hemplin. Welsh: Llinos. Scotland: Lintie, 

 Wliin, Orey or Rose Lintie. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Jifice ohecna. Denmark: Tornirisk, 

 Oraa- or Rodirisk. Finland: Hempponen, Hamppuvarpiinen. France: Linotte. 

 Germany: Bluthanfling, roter or grauer Hdnfling. Helgoland: Lrdisk. Holland: 

 Kneutje, Ylamsijs. ^xmgoxj: Kenderike. Italy: Fanello, Montanello. Norway: 

 Tornirisk. Poland: Makolajwa. Portugal: Pintarroxo. Russia: Bepolow. 

 Spain: Camacho, Jamas. Sweden: Hdmpling, Sommarhdmpling. 



Linaria cannahina (L.). Dresser, Birds of Europe, IV, p. 31. Linota 

 rannahina (L.). Newton, ed. Yarrell, II, p. 153; Dresser, Man. Pal. Birds, 

 p. 312. Acanthis cannahina (L.). Saunders, Man., p. 187. A. c. canna- 

 hina (L.). Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 73. 



Breeding Range: Europe, excepting the northern half of Scandinavia 

 and north Russia, but replaced in S. Spain, S. Italy, Dalmatia, etc. by 

 C. c. mediterranea (Tsch.). 

 British Generally distributed throughout the British Isles, but is especially 



Isles, partial to furze covered commons and waste lands, and less numerous in 

 the highly cultivated districts. On the higher mountain ranges it is 

 replaced by the Twite, as also in the Outer Hebrides and Shetlands. In 



