59 



23. Mealy Redpoll, Cardiielis flammea (L.). 

 Plate 11, fig. 11—15 (Lapland). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab. XXXV, fig. 13, a — c. Hewitson, 

 III. Ed., pi. LI,* fig. 1, 2. Baedeker, Tab. 20, fig. 15. Taczanowski, Tab. LXXII, 

 fig. 1. Seebohm, Br. Birds, pi. 12; id. Col. Fig., pi. 57. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Cecatka obecna. Finland: Varpunen, 

 PimapacL Holland: Barmsijsje, Paapje. Hungary: Nyirizsezse. Italy: 

 Sizerino. Norway: Orasisikk, Moirisk. Poland: Luszczah czeczotka. Russia: 

 Tschetschoska. Sweden: Kortndbbad Ordsiska. 



Linota linaria (L.). Dresser, Birds of Europe, IV, p. 37; Newton, 

 ed. Yarrell, II, p. 133; Dresser, Man. Pal. Birds, p. 315. Acantliis linaria (L.). 

 Saunders, Man., p. 189. A. flammea flammea (L.). Hartert, Vog. Pal. 

 Fauna, p. 77. 



Breeding Range: The typical race inhabits the birch and alder 

 region of northern Scandinavia and Russia, but in N. Lapland a long billed 

 race, C. f. liolboelli (Brehm), is the prevalent form. [Also in Siberia and 

 arctic America.] (The study of the breeding habits of these birds is attended 

 with peculiar difficulty, owing partly to the diversity of opinion with regard 

 to the validity of the various species and subspecies of Redpolls, and 

 partly to the overlapping of the range of two closely allied species, C. 

 flammea and C. hornemanni. Moreover not only do intermediate forms 

 between the typical race and HolboU's Redpoll occur, but it is said that 

 in some districts both races are found breeding. See the Ibis 1904, p. 445.) 



In Norway the Mealy Redpoll is abundant in the Tromso diocese *^°'^' 



1 Till -1 11 1 • tinental 



up to about lat. 69°, and though less numerous m the south, small colonies Europe. 

 may be found in the birch woods not infrequently as far as the Dovre- 

 and Langefjeld, and occasionally even in the Kristiansand diocese. In 

 Sweden its range is more limited, and though common in Jemtland it is 

 scarce south of lat. 62°, but a few pairs have been found nesting in Wenn- 

 land, Gefle, Kolmorden (1876), and Upsala (1902). In Finland and N. 

 Russia the distribution of the various races and sj)ecies is very imperfectly 

 known and probably varies from time to time. At Lutni on the Murman 

 coast C. hornemanni exilipes was the only species found breeding by Pearson 

 in 1895, but was not met with subsequently. On the other hand C. flammea 

 (? holb'olli) was recorded from Lutni and other localities on the same coast 

 in 1899, 1901 and 1903, and also from Habarova (opposite Waigatch) 

 in 1897*. Seebohm secured a few specimens of C. flammea as well as 

 C. h. exilipes on the lower Petschora. In South Finland Westerlund 

 says it has bred near Helsingfors; Deichler describes it as nesting in the 



* See also Pearson, Three Summers, etc., p. 166. 



