69 



20.1X13.8 and 18X15.2 mm., Miu. 17.5X13.7 and 19X13.3 mm. 

 In colour they resemble eggs from N. Africa. In Palestine another form 

 is found, E. githaginea crassirostris Blyth, which ranges through Persia 

 and Afghanistan to the Punjab.] 



39. Common Bullfiiicli, PyiTliula pyrrliula europaea Ticill. 



Plate 9, fig. 5 — 8 (Altenkirchen, Germany). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab, XXXVI, fig. 3, a — c. Baedeker, 

 Tab. 20, fig. 7. HeAvitson, 1. Ed. I, pi. XLIII, fig. 3; II. Ed. I, pi. XL VI, fig. 1 ; 

 III. Ed. I, pLLIV, fig. 1. Seebohm, Brit. Birds, pi. 12; id. Col. Fig., pi. 56. 

 Frohawk, Br. Birds, II, pi. V, fig. 174—179. 



Nest: 0. Lee, IV, p. 130. 



British Local Names: Olph, Bloodolph, Bud-picker, Hoop, Bullie. 

 Welsh: Aderyn-y-BerUcm, Chivifanydd. Scotland: BullfUnch, Bidlie. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Hyl ohecny. France: Bouvreuil commun. 

 Germany: Kleiner or gemeiner Gimpel or Dompfaff. Helgoland: Doompoap. 

 Holland: Ooudvink. Hungary: Suvdlto maddr. Italy: Ciuffolotto. Portugal: 

 Cardeal. 



Pyrrlmla europaea Vieill. Dresser, Birds of Europe, IV, p. 101; 

 Newton, ed. Yarrell, II, p. 166; Saunders, Man., p. 195; Dresser, Man. Pal. 

 Birds, p. 333. P. pyrrlmla europaea Vieill. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 94. 



Breeding Range: The British Isles and Avestem and middle Europe 

 from the noiih of the Iberian and Italian peninsulas to West Prussia. 



As a rule the Bullfinch is much more familiar and generally distributed British 

 in the British Isles than on the continent. Though scarce in some districts, ^8^^^- 

 it is not uncommon in most parts of England and Wales. In Scotland 

 it is an increasing species, and is found in the valleys up to the limits 

 of the birch on most parts of the mainland. It occurs in S. E. Skye 

 (Sleat) and has been seen in spring in N. Uist, while it breeds regularly 

 in several of the Inner Hebrides (Eigg, Mull, Islay, Jura, etc.), although 

 not as yet established in the Orkneys or Shetlands. In Ireland it has bred 

 in every county and is not uncommon in the wooded districts. 



Although is must be fairly common in N. Portugal, it appears to ^°°" 



.® . . -^ . ^ . tinental 



be only thinly distributed along the Cantabrian range, but Lilford met Europe, 

 with it sparingly in Santander, and Saunders describes it as not uncommon 

 in the Basque provinces and Navarre. Here, as on most parts of the Con- 

 tinent, it haunts the mountain forests, and is found in the wooded parts 

 of the Pyrenees up to 4600 ft. In France it is local, and scarce in the 

 south, but in Switzerland is generally distributed in the Alpine valleys, 

 especially on the northern side. It also breeds in smaller numbers in the 

 beech and pine forests of northern and middle Italy from about 1800 to 



