71 



100 eggs (13 from the Continent measured by Rey and 87 British Measure- 

 eggs by the writer) average 19.50x14.46 mm., Max. 22.1x13.6 and ^^^nts. 

 20.4X15.4 mm., Min. 17X14.2 and 17.2X13 mm. Average weight 

 (13 eggs) 110 mg. (Rey). 6 full eggs average 2.095 g. (Foster). 



Geographical Races. 



a. IS^ortliern or Russian Bullflucli, P. pjrrliula pyrrluila (L.). 



Plate 9, fig. 1—4 (Sweden). 



Eggs: Taczanowski, Tab. LXVIII, fig. 1. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Ryl velky. Denmark: Dompap. Finland: 

 Tuunherra, Pimatulkku. Germany: Grosser or nordischer Dompfaff or 

 Oimpel. Holland: Oroote or noordsche Ooudvink. Hungarj: Eszaki siivdltd. 

 Italy: Cinffolotto maggiore. Norway: Dompap. Poland: Gil wldschoy. 

 Russia: Snegir. Sweden: Domherre, Klump. Transylvania: Ptrbk, Havasi pinty. 



Pyrrliula major Brehm. Dresser, Birds of Europe, IV, p. 97; id. 

 Man. Pal. Birds, p. 334. P. pyrrliula pyrrliula (L.). Hartert, Vog. Pal. 

 Fauna, p. 93. 



Breeding Range: Scandinavia, Russia, N. E. Germany, Hungary, etc. 

 [Also in W. Siberia, etc.] 



This larcje race inhabits the forests of middle and southern Sweden, ^°°" 



. --. . . tinental 



from Sm&land and Goteborg in the south to about Lat. 67° N., and is Europe, 

 also found on Gotland. In Norway it breeds in the south eastern districts 

 and along the west coast, and has occurred even in East Finmark. It is 

 generally distributed over the greater part of Russia, excepting in the high 

 north. In Finland it occurs sparingly, but is not uncommon in the Baltic 

 Provinces and Poland, though scarce near Archangel and only met with 

 sparingly by Seebohm on the lower Petschora. From the Kola peninsula 

 it has only once been recorded. In East Prussia a few pairs breed, and 

 it is said to occur also in Pomerania, but the exact limits of the two 

 races are imperfectly known at present. It is however almost certainly 

 this form which breeds in Galicia, Hungary and Transylvania, and probably 

 also (as recorded by Reiser) sparingly in Montenegro and Bulgaria. 



Similar in construction to that of the western race, but in the north Nest. 

 of Europe Usnea barhata is often used as lining material, and probably 

 the nest is as a rule rather larger. Average measurements: 2} in. high, 

 Sir in. broad; depth of cup 1 1, diameter 2 in. 



Usually 5 — 6 in number, sometimes 4, and very similar in appearance Eggs, 

 to those of P. pyrrlmla eiiropaea. The ground colour varies from bluish 

 white to a decided clear greenish blue. 



As eggs are found in Scandinavia in May and again in July two Breeding 

 broods are probably reared. In Finland most eggs are laid in June: Season. 

 averasre date about the second or third week in the month. 



