74 



Measure- Average size of 86 eggs (48 by writer, 28 by Wasenius and 10 by 



merits. Rey) from Russia 20.05 X 14.29 mm., Max. 22.2 X 1412 and 22 X 15.5 mm., 

 Min. 18 X 13.3 mm. Average weight (10 eggs) 123 mg. (Rey). 



33. Pine Grrosbeak, Piiiieola enueleator (L.). 



Plate 9, fig. 14 (Kittila, 4. VI. 88), fig. 13 and 15—17 (Kittila, 10—15. VI. 89). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab. XXXVI, fig. 1. Hewitson, III. Ed. 

 I, pi. LIIL* Baedeker, Tab. 20, fig. 11. Seebobm, Brit. Birds, pi. 12; id. 

 Col. Fig., pi. 56. Ootbeca WoUeyana, Tab. XII, fig. 1 — 20. 



Foreign Names: Bobemia: Hyl ofesnik. Denmark: Krognaeb, Svensk 

 or Norsk Papeg(')ie. Finland: Kapilintu. France: Bouvreuil dur hec. Ger- 

 many: Hakengimpel, FicJitengimpel. Holland: Haakhek. Hungary: Nagg 

 pirok. Italy: Ciuffolotto delle pinete., Cardinale. Lapland: Pacajas-loddi. 

 Norway: Konglebit. Poland: Oil klesk. Russia: Sliur. Sweden: Tallhit, 

 Nattvoka, Svensk papgoja. 



Pyrrhida enueleator (L). Newton, ed. Yarrell, II, p. 177; Saunders, 

 Man., p. 199. Pinicola enueleator (L.). Dresser, Birds of Europe, IV, 

 p. Ill; id. Man. Pal. Birds, p. 338. P. e. enncleator (L.). Hartert, Vog. 

 Pal. Fauna, p. 114. 



Breeding Range: N. Scandinavia and N. Russia. [Also in N. Siberia, 

 but replaced in the east by P. enueleator kamtschatkensis (Dyb.).] 



In Norway this species is found in Saltdalen (67° 20') according to 

 Europe. Westerlund, and is tolerably numerous in the birch forests of B. Finmark 

 (Sydvaranger, etc.). In Sweden it only breeds in the northern and eastern 

 part of Swedish Lapland, and is usually found nesting in the fir region 

 here and in the adjoining parts of Finnish Lapland. Wolley obtained a 

 large series of nests and eggs in 1855 — 58 from this neighbourhood. It 

 does not nest in S. Finland, but occurs locally in the Kola peninsula, and 

 in the Archangel Government, where Harvie-Brown records it from near 

 Archangel and Seebohm from the Lower Petschora, while Pleske found it 

 in the pine forests west of the White sea. 

 Neit. The nest is usually placed 4 to 12 ft. from the ground, most frequently 



about 5 or 6 ft., and over the greater part of its range this bird appears 

 to inhabit the region of conifers, nesting very often in small spruces and 

 also pines close to the stem. In the Kola peninsula and E. Finmark it 

 appears to breed in the birch forest. The foundation of the nest consists 

 of a flattish and rather loosely built structure of interlaced trailing twigs 

 and roots, which are sometimes of considerable length. Within this, and 

 looking almost like another nest, is a compact lining of fine roots or wiry 

 grass with sometimes hair lichens [Usnca) or a little hair. 



Con 

 tinental 



