98 



fine spots, while the most strongly erythristic type has a few blackish 

 streaks on a red-brown ground. 

 Breeding In England the first eggs are laid at the end of May, but most birds 



Season, j^j-gg^ during the month of June, although on the South Downs many 

 birds do not lay till early July, and fresh eggs can be obtained till late 

 in July or even August; while in Ireland eggs are rarely taken in May, 

 but are sometimes found as late as August. In Germany according to Rey 

 two broods are reared: the first clutches being occasionally deposited in 

 April, but generally in May, and the second about mid-June or July. In 

 southern Spain and Greece the eggs are laid from about mid-April to mid- 

 May, while in N. Africa young birds have been met with on the wing at 

 the end of April, but most eggs are laid early in May. 

 Measure- 100 eggs measured by Rey average 24,3X17.6 mm., Max. 28X19 



°'^"*^- mm., Min. 21X17 and 22X16 mm. An egg from the New Forest 

 measures 28.6 X 18 mm. (E. W. Blagg), and some English eggs are almost 

 round in shape, 19 X 17.8 mm. (H. G. Tomlinson). Average weight 135 mg. 

 (Rey); 213 mg. (Bau). 4 full eggs average 3.086 g. (N. H. Foster). 



[The race inhabiting the Canaries has been separated under the name 

 of E. calandra thanneri Tsch. It is an abundant resident on all the islands.] 



45. Yellow Bunting, Emberiza citrinella L. 



Plate 13, fig. 6—11 (Germany). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab. XXXII, fig. 4, a — d. Hewitson, 

 I. Ed. I, pi. Ill, fig. 3, 4; 11. Ed. I, pi. XXXIX, fig. 3, 4; III. Ed. I, 

 pi. XL VII, fig. 2. Baedeker, Tab. 3, fig. 8. Taczanowski, Tab. LXVII, 

 fig. 1. Seebohm, Br. Birds, pi. 13; id. Col. Pig., pi. 58. Frohawk, Br. 

 Birds, II, pi. V, fig. 188—195. 



Nest: 0. Lee, IV, pp. 100, 102. 



British Local Names: Yelloiv Hammer, Yellow Yeorling, Scribbling 

 Lark, Goldfinch, Yite. Cornwall: Gladdie. Welsh: Llinos Felen, Melyn 

 yr eithin. Manx: Ushag wee. Scotland: Yite or Yitey, Spink, Yeldroch. 

 Gaelic: BuidUeag. Erse: Buidlieog. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Strnad obecny. Denmark: Gulspurv, 

 Gulverling. Finland: Keltasirkku. France: Bruant jaune, Verdiere. Ger- 

 many: Goldamnier. Helgoland: Gjuhl Kliltjer. Holland: Geelgors, Schrijver. 

 Unngaxj : Czitrom sdrmdny. Italj: Zigolo giallo. Norway: Gulspurv. Poland: 

 Poswierka Trznadel. Russia: Obiknovenoi oivsjanka. Spain: CenZZo. Sweden: 

 Groning, Gulsparf. 



Emberiza citrinella L. Newton, ed. Yarrell, II, p. 43; Dresser, Birds 

 of Europe, IV, p. 171; id. Man. Pal. Birds, p. 353; Saunders, Man., p. 209. 

 E. citrinella citrinella L. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 167. 



