114 



fig. 1. Baedeker, Tab. 3, fig. 4. Taczanowski, Tab. LXVII, fig. 2. Seebolim, 

 Brit. Birds, pi. 15; id. Col. Fig., pi. 57. Frohawk, Br. Birds, II, pi. VI, 

 fig. 198—206. 



Nest: 0. Lee, I, p. 140. 



British Local Names: Beed or Water Sparrotu, Blackcap, Black 

 headed Bunting. Welsh: Golf an y govs. Scotland: Moss Sparrow, Black 

 Bonnet, Coalyliead. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Strnad rdkosni. Denmark: Rorspurv, 

 Morverling. Finland: Pajusirkku. France: Bruant des roseaux. Germany: 

 Bolirammer. Helgoland: Nieper. Holland: Bietgors. Hungary: Nadi 

 vereh. Italy: Migliarino di padule. Norway: Sivspurv, Eorspurv. Poland: 

 Posivierka potrzos. Russia: Bolotnaja ovsjanka. Sweden: Self spar f. Spain: 

 Molinero. 



Emherim schoeniclus L. Newton, ed. Yarrell, II, p. 23; Dresser, Birds 

 of Europe, IV, p. 241; id. Man. Pal. Birds, p. 370; Saunders, Man., p. 221. 

 E. sclioeniclus schoeniclus L. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 194. 



Breeding Range: Europe generally, but rejolaced by other forms 

 in the greater part of Hungary, the Balkan peninsula, and S. Russia, in 

 the breeding season. [Also in W. Siberia, but not in Iceland on the 

 Faeroes.] 

 British In Great Britain and Ireland it is a generally distributed resident in 



^ '^^' all suitable localities, and in some places very common. It is also found 

 on most of the islands, and is not uncommon even in the Outer Hebrides, 

 and breeds, though sparingly, in the Orkneys. Hitherto it has not been 

 found nesting in the Shetlands, and on the mainland of Scotland north of 

 the Great Glen it is somewhat local. 

 Con- In Spain only a few pairs breed on the islets of the marismas in the 



^nenta gQ^j^jj^ ]^^^ [^ jg ^q^ uncommou locally further north, at the Albufera of 

 Valencia, etc. In Portugal it is only known as a winter visitor, but is 

 resident in central and southern Rfily, as well as in the Italian islands, 

 according to Arrigoni, although not noticed in Sardinia or Corsica in the 

 breeding season by Brooke, Wharton or Whitehead. Over the great plain 

 of central Europe it is a generally distributed summer visitor in districts 

 suited to its habits, and is also found in Scandinavia and N. Russia almost 

 up to the shores of the Arctic Ocean. To south eastern Europe it is only 

 a winter visitor. 

 Nest. Almost invariably found in the neighbourhood of water, or in damp 



and marshy neighbourhoods. As a rule the nest is either on, or close to 

 the ground, often in grass or coarse vegetation or in a thick tuft of rushes, 

 and generally well concealed. Another common site is among flood drift 

 on an osier stump, a foot or so from the ground; while in the north it 

 is said to nest not uncommonly on the branches of sapling firs. Hewitson 



