143 



which are occasionally met with being probably second layings. In Monte- 

 negro von Fiihrer took 13 nests between May 17 and July 14. Apparently 

 in N, Africa two broods are reared, for Whitaker says that eggs may be 

 taken in April, May and June in Tunis. 



Average of 137 eggs (43 by Bau, 40 by Rey and 54 by the writer), Measure- 

 21.96X15.75 mm.. Max. 23.8X16.6 and 22.5X17.1 mm., Min. 19X15 '''^°^'- 

 and 20 X 14.6 mm. The variation in size apparently does not depend upon 

 locality. Hartert mentions an abnormally large egg, 24.6 X 17.4 mm. Average 

 weight of 43 eggs (Bau), 156 mg., of 40 eggs (Rey), 158 mg. 



[In the Canary Isles fi'om Lanzarote to Ferro is found Berthelot's Pipit, 

 Anthus berthelotii Bolle. Eggs figured in Journ. f. Ornith. 1890, Tab. VIII, fig. 7. 

 They are usually 4 in number, and resemble rather pale eggs of the Meadow- 

 Pipit. Breeding season from March to May. Average size of 60 eggs (19 by 

 Konig, 14 by Bau and 27 by the writer), 19.2 X 14.6 mm., Max. 20.6 X 14.6 and 

 20 X 15.2 mm., Min. 18 X 14.5 and 18.5 X 14 mm. Average weight of 14 eggs, 

 122 mg. (Bau). The eggs of the Madeiran race, A. berthelotii madeirensis Hart., 

 are variable in size, ranging according to Schmitz from 21 — 17.5 X 16.5 — 14.5 mm., 

 and may be found from the beginning of February (on low g'round) till August 

 (on the hills).] 



73. Tree Pipit, Autlius trivialis (L.). 

 Plate 18, fig. 9—18 (Germany), 41, fig. 10 (Anhalt, coll. Rey). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab. XXV, fig. 7, a— f. Hewitson, I. Ed. I, 

 pi. CXIV; II. Ed. I, pi. XXXV; III. Ed. I, pi. XLIII. Baedeker, Tab. 35, 

 fig. 8. Taczanowski, Tab. LXI, fig. 1 — 3. Seebohm, Br. Birds, pi. 14; 

 id. Col. Fig., pi. 58 a. Frohawk, Br. Birds, I, pi. Ill, fig. 97—100. 



Nest: 0. Lee, I, p. 136. 



British Local Names: Tit-, Bank, Field, Tree, or Blood Lark. 

 Welsh: Ehedydd or Pihganivr y coed. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Lindiiska lesni. Denmark: Traepiber. 

 Finland: Mettdkirvinen. France: Pipi des arhres. Germany: Bauynpieper. 

 Holland: Boompieper. Hungary: Erdei pipis. Italy: Prispolone. Norway: 

 Traepiplaerke. Poland: Siviergotek drzeivny. Russia: Lasnoi konok. Sweden: 

 TradinpMrka. 



Antilles trivialis (L.). Newton, ed. Yarrell, I, p. 569; Dresser, Birds 

 of Europe, III, p. 309; id. Man. Pal. Birds, p. 211; Saunders, Man., p. 131. 

 A. trivialis trivialis (L.). Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 272. 



Breeding Range: Europe generally, from lat. 69° in Scandinavia and 

 66" in N. E. Russia to the Cantabrian and Pyrenean Mountains, mid-Italy 

 and the Caucasus. [Also from lat. 62° in Siberia to N. Palestine, etc.] 



In England this species is generally distributed, except in the most British 

 barren and treeless districts, such as the high moorlands and W. Cornwall, 

 and in some of our well wooded valleys is exceedingly common. In Wales 



