149 



76. Red Ibreasted Pipit, Antlius cervinus Pall. 



Plate 18, fig. 1—4 (Lapland). 



Eggs: Baedeker, Tab. 35, fig. 7. Naumannia, 1854, Taf. 3, fig. 4. 

 Seebohm, Br. Birds, pi. 14; id. Col. Fig., pi. 58 a. Newton, Ootheca 

 WoUeyana, Tab. XI, fig. 7—12. 



Nest: Pearson, 'Beyond Petsora', pi. 31. 



Foreign Names: Finland: Peurakirvinen. France: Pipi a gorge 

 rousse. Germany: RotkeJiliger Pieper. Poland: Siviergotek rdzawoszyjny. 

 Sweden: Bodstriipig Angpiplcirka. 



Antlms cervinus Pall. Dresser, Birds of Europe, III, p. 299; id. Man. 

 Pal. Birds, p. 213; Saunders, Man., p. 135. A. cervina Pall. Hartert, 

 Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 277. 



Breeding Range: N. Europe within the Arctic circle. [Also N. 

 Siberia to Kamtschatka and the Aleutian Isles.] 



In Norway this species breeds in the Tromso Stift, and in E. Finmark con- 

 is even commoner than the Meadow Pipit. In W. Finmark it is not un- ^°^° * 

 common, and also nests in Tromso Amt, but is not certainly known to 

 breed S. of the Arctic circle, though it is said to have bred near Trondhjem 

 (Collett). In Sweden it was first found nesting in 1867 on the Russian 

 border, in Torne^ Lapmark and on Ounastuntura, and in 1904 S. A. Davies 

 found it common on the bogs at the head of the Kongama (lat. 69° N.). 

 Along the coast of Russian Lapland it is locally common, especially near 

 the lakes and on marshy ground, but does not appear to range far inland. 

 East of the White Sea it breeds on Kolguev, and is quite common on 

 Wai'gatz and Dolgoi, while it has been observed on the S. Island of 

 Novaya Zemlya, but has not been proved to breed there. On the mainland 

 it is also found on the tundra beyond the limit of forest growth, and is 

 plentiful in the Petschora valley (lat. 68").* [Further east it is found in 

 the Taimyr peninsula and on the tundra of N. Siberia.] 



During the breeding season it chiefly haunts swampy ground, and Nest, 

 as a rule places its nest in a recess of one of the big hummocks or tussocky 

 ridges so often met with in bogs. Sometimes the nesting ground is overgrown 

 with willow scrub and dwarf birch. Collett mentions a nest under a willow 

 bush, and Pearson found one in a hole 6 in. deep, and another in an old 

 lemming burrow. Almost invariably the nest is well sheltered and concealed, 

 but that figured by Pearson was built in the open, among grass — a most 

 exceptional site. It is built of grasses and bents, and in some districts a 

 little hair is woven into the lining, while in others this is altogether 

 wanting. No feathers are ever used. 



* Alston and Harvie Brown also record it from the Dwina delta (Ibis, 

 1873, p. 61). 



