167 



boarula melanope Pall, replaces it, but the boundaries of the two races 

 are not yet clearly defined. Six eggs (one of which is bright pink in 

 colour) from the British Museum average 18.8 X 14 mm. In Madeira 

 and the Azores a third form, M. hoarzida schmitzi Tsch. is resident. 

 Average of 19 eggs (9 by Padre Schmitz and 10 by the writer) 

 19.4 X 15 mm.] 



81. Pied and White Wagtails, Motacilla alba L. 



Geographical Races. 



a. Pied Wagtail, M. alba lugubris Temm. 



Plate 18, fig. 25—29 (Herts). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl. Tab. XXV, fig. 2, a — c. Hewitson, 

 I. Ed. I, pi. LIX, fig. 1; II. Ed. I, pi. XXXIII, fig. 1; III. Ed. I, pi. 



XLI, fig. 1, 2. Seebohm, Br. Birds, pi. 14 (2 figs.); id Col. Fig., pi. 58. 

 Frohawh, Br. Birds, I, pi. Ill, fig. 91. Dresser, pi. — , fig. 1 — 6. 



British Local Names: Di^luuasher, Penny Wagtail, Nanny Wash- 

 tail; Orey HemiMii, Watty (Lake District), Whipjack (Kent). N. -Wales: 

 Brech y Fuclies; S. Sigl digrvt. Manx: Ushag-vreck. 



Foreign Names: Gevmany : Trauer-Bachstehe. Helgoland: ^StmH- 

 rogged Liingen. Sweden: Engelska sddesdrla. 



Motacilla luguhris Temm. Newton, ed. Yarrell, I, p. 538. Dresser, 

 Birds of Europe, III, p. 2.39; id. Man. Pal. Birds, p. 197. Saunders, 

 Man. p. 121. M. alba luguhris Temm. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, 

 p. 301. 



Breeding Range: The British Isles; also in N. W. France and 

 occasionally in Holland and on the Norwegian coast. 



The Pied AVagtail is very generally distributed over Great Britain Britigh 

 and Ireland and on most of the adjacent islands. There is reason to 

 believe that it has occasionally bred in the Shetlands, and it is resident 

 in the Orkneys, but is only a straggler to S. Kilda, and is absent fom 

 the Outer Hebrides. It nests on Skye and on most of the inhabited 

 Inner Hebrides. 



In Scandinavia this race has been met with on a few occasions in con- 

 S. Sweden, and probably bred there in 1895. In Norway it is also 

 recorded as having nested in the Jaederen, Stavanger and Bergen districts. 

 Hitherto it has not been found breeding in Denmark, but O. Leege met 

 with a pair nesting in the E. Frisian Islands in 1906, and in Holland 

 it occasionally interbreeds with M. alba alba, and has nested in S. Holland. 

 Koch asserts that it has once bred in Miinster (Westphalia), but the 

 statement is hardly credible. Its scarcity in the Channel Islands is remark- 



Europe. 



