178 



between stones placed against it as supports, about 18 in. from the bottom, 

 near Voltaggio in Piedmont. 

 Egg« etc. The only eggs which I have been able to examine are 3 from 



Southern Spain, all of which are well marked and decidedly smaller 

 than typical Creepers' eggs, averaging 14.4 X 11.7 mm. The breeding 

 season in Spain is in April. 



c. Cyprian Tree Creeper, C. brachydactyla dorotheae Hart. 



C. hrachydacUjla dorotheae Hart. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 325. 



Breeding Range: Troodos Range, Cyprus. 



This bird is confined to the Pine forests of the Troodos range, 

 and is not met with lower than about 4000 ft. Guillemard obtained 

 specimens close to the summit (6500 ft.) 



[The forests of the mountain region of N._W. Africa are inhabited 

 by the Moorish Tree Creeper, C. hraclnjdadyla mauritanica Witherby; 

 while the race which is found in Asia Minor is known as C. brachydactyla 

 harterti Hellm.] 



84. Wall Creeper, Tichodroma muraria (L.). 



PI. 20, fig. 25 (Andermatt, Switzerland, Rey coll.) 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl. Taf. XVII, fig. 9 (errore): Baedeker, 

 Tab. 43, fig. 5; id. J. f. 0. 1856, Tab. I, fig. 11. Seebohm, Br. Birds, 

 pi. 18: id. Col. Fig. pi. 54. Dresser, pi. — , fig. 31. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Soupdlek zedni. France: Oiseau 

 papillon, Pic de Murailles. Germany: Alpen-Mauerlaufer. Greece: Tf^o- 

 pandkos kokkinos. Himgary: Ha jualmaddr. Italy: Pice io muraiolo. Poland: 

 Pomurnik Mentel. Russia: Stenolas. Spain: Arane7-o. Tichodroma muraria 

 (L). Dresser, Birds of Europe, III, p. 207; id. Man. Pal. Birds, p. 194. 

 Saunders, Man. p. 119. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 327. 



Breeding Range: The mountain ranges of Central and Southern 

 Europe, from the Tatra and the Alps southward, and from the Estrella 

 Mts. eastward to the Caucasus. [Also in the principal ranges of Asia 

 eastward to Mongolia.] 

 C""^- Although widely distributed in the more lofty mountain ranges of 



Europe. Southern Europe, the Wall Creeper is nowhere common, and is generally 

 met with singly, or in pairs during the breeding season, on the face of 

 perpendicular rocks , deep gorges , etc. among the mountains. In the 

 Iberian peninsula it is found in the S. Nevada, S. de Antiquera and 

 S. de Gaitan in the south: Lilford met with it in the S. de Guadarrama 



