203 



boundary between this and the next race. It is not known to occur E. 

 of the Urals.* 



Apparently does not differ from that of P. c. scoticus, the hole Nest. 

 being usually bored by the bird in the rotten wood of an old pine 

 stump. Russow states that in the Baltic Provinces it sometimes breeds 

 in old squirrel's dreys, and Hartert has taken eggs from a similar site 

 in E. Prussia. 



Generally 5 or 6 in Scandinavia, and 5 to 7 in the Baltic Provinces. Eggs. 

 Kolthoff records an instance where 9 were found. Some eggs are very 

 boldly and handsomely marked. 



In Scandinavia it is an early breeder, beginning to nest late in Breeding 

 March, while the snow is still deep on the ground, and laying in the 

 latter half of April. In the Baltic Provinces a second brood may some- 

 times be found at the end of May or early in June. Pousar also states 

 that eggs may be found in S. Finland about this time. 



Average size of 63 eggs (42 by the writer and 21 by O. Ottosson Measure- 

 in lift.), 16.16x12.68 mm.. Max. 17.3x12.6 and 17.2x13.5, Min. """"• 

 14.4x12.5 and 15,2x11.6 mm. Average weight of 21 Swedish eggs, 

 70 mg. (Ottosson). 



c. Mid Euiopean Crested Tit, P. cristatus mitratus Brehiu. 



Plate 21, fig. 6—8 (Germany). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl. Tab. XVIII, fig. 10, a— c. Baedeker, 

 Tab. 43, fig. 17. Dresser, pi. — , fig. 7—10. Krause, pi. — , fig. 1—42. 



Foreign Names: France: Mesange Jmppee. Germany: Hauben- 

 meise. Holland : Kiiifmees. Hungary : Buhos czinege. Italy : Cincia col 

 ciuffo. Spain: Capiichino. 



P. cristatus L. Dresser, t. c. (part.). P. cristatus mitratus Brehm. Hartert, 

 Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 364. 



BreedingRange: Continental Europe, W. of the Vistula (Weichsel) 

 and Carpathians. 



This race is very generally distributed in those districts of Middle con- 

 and Western Europe where coniferous forests exist, westward of the ""entai 



Europe. 



R. Vistula in Germany and the Carpathians in Austro-Hungary. In the 

 Balkan peninsula it is absent from Greece, but occurs in the mountain 

 forests of Montenegro and the Balkan range, and in Italy it is confined 

 to the spurs of the Alpine system and is not found in the Apennines. 

 It is plentiful in the woods of Arcachon. In the E. Pyrenees it is 

 common in the pine forest up to 5700 ft; and in the Iberian peninsulg^ 

 is not rare in Portugal, and is found in Spain not only in the mountains 



* Radde however x-egards it as resident in the Caucasus, though scarce. 



