tluental 

 Europe. 



206 



P'oreign Names: Germany: Trauernieise. Hungary: Oydszos 

 czinege. Italy: Cincia dalmatina. Poland: Sikora zaho. Russia : Gaifec/ja 

 srjp.dizemnomorskaja. 



Farus lugubris Natt. Dresser, Birds of Europe, III, p. 121; id Man. 

 Pal. Birds, p. 171. P. lugubris lugubris Temm. Hartert, Vog. Pal. 

 Fauna, p. 368. 



Breeding Range: From Istria, Slavonia, and S. E. Hungary south- 

 ward to the Balkans. 

 Con- This species differs from its congeners in being of an unsociable 



disposition, aud seems to prefer rocky and broken ground with occasional 

 trees or shrubs to dense forest. Its distribution in Austro-Hungary is not 

 thoroughly known: it it said to have been met with in the Tatra and 

 the Carpathians, is found in the S. E. of Hungary, near Mehadia (Har- 

 tert), and certainly is not uncommon on the rugged hillsides of Transyl- 

 vania, while it has been found in spring in Slavo'nia, aud also breeds in 

 Istria, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Servia, but is not numerous. It is general 

 in the Karstregion of Herzegovina, and is the commonest Tit in the 

 Avooded districts of S. Montenegro. In Bulgaria it is also very generally 

 distributed and breeds, but the limits of this and the next race are not yet 

 ascertained, though it is said to be found in S. Russia by v. Nordmann. 

 Nest. Most of the nests which have been found were in holes of old 



trees at varying heights, but from the habits of the bird it is probable 

 that it also nests in crevices of rocks. (Danford describes that of P. I. 

 cmatoliae as constructed of dry grass and lined first with wool and 

 afterwards with feathers.) 

 Eggs. Probably 5 to 7 in number. The few examined have been of the 



usual Parinetype, marked sparsely with fine red brown spots. 



Breeding In Trausylvauia fresh eggs have been taken in the first half of 



April, while in Herzegovina Kadich gives the end of April or beginning 

 of May as the usual time, and in Montenegro v. Fiihrer met with re- 

 cently fledged young from mid May to mid June, and KoUibay in S. 

 Dalmatia on May 19. 



Measure- Avcrago of 7 cggs from Transylvania (coll. Dresserj 18.57 x 13.84, 



ment.. jyj^x. 19 X 13.6 aud 18.8 X 14, Min. 18.2 >< 13.3. 



b. trreek Sombre Tit, P. Ingubris lugens Brehiu. 



Plate 23, fig. 23 (Grece, Kriiper). 



Eggs: Reiser, Orn. Bale. Ill, Taf. Ill, fig. 5, 6. Dresser, pi. — , 

 fig. 43. 



Foreign Name: Greece: Kleidonas. 

 P. lugubris lugens Brehm. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 368. 



Breeding Range: Southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. 



