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Q9. Penduline Tit, Anthoscopus pendulinus (L.). 

 Geographical Races. 



a. Western Fendallne Tit, A. pendolinus pendalinns (L.). 



Eggs: Thienemann, Fortpfl., Tab. XVIII, fig. 13, a— b. Baedeker, 

 Tab. 43, fig. 20. Dresser, pi. — , fig. 11. 



Foreign Names: Bohemia: Moudivlddek. France: Mesange remiz. 

 Germany: Beutelmeise. Hungary: Fiiggo czinege. Italy: Pendolino. 

 Poland: Remiz. Russia: Remess. Spain: Pajnra moscon. 

 ^githalus pendulinus (L.). Dresser, Birds of Eui'ope, III, p. 159; id. 

 Man. Pal. Birds, p. 183. Anthoscopus pendulinus pendulums (L.). Hartert, 

 Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 389. 



Breeding Range: E. Spain, S. France, Italy, Hungary, the Balkan 

 peninsula, Poland and S. Russia. In Germany only sporadically. [Also 

 Asia Minor]. 



In Spain it has only been definitely recorded as breeding in the con- 

 neighbourhood of Valencia, but is probably locally distributed in small ^°^°**^ 

 numbers in the southern and eastern provinces, as Arevalo states that 

 it has been recorded from Seville, Granada, New Castile, and Gerona. 

 It is also locally common in S. France (the Rhone delta etc.), while 

 it occurs in small numbers in Italy in the district drained by the R. Po, 

 and also commonly in Tuscany, as well as the southern provinces, and 

 Sicily, but is not recorded from Apulia. In Switzerland it is said to 

 have bred once or twice, and sporadic instances of nesting have been 

 reported from various parts of Germany, e. g. Silesia (as recently as 

 1900 — 02), and with more or less probability also from Magdeburg, 

 Gotha, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, etc. In Austro-Hungary it appears 

 to have decreased in numbers in the Danube valley and is rare in 

 Transylvania, but not uncommon in Slavonia. In the Balkan peninsula 

 it is found in suitable localities (such as the Scutari Lake, the Utowo- 

 Blato, the Danube valley, the Dobrudscha, etc.) as far S. as Greece, 

 while in Russia it is found in Poland, and is common in some districts 

 of the S., especially Kiew, but does not appear to range N. of about 

 lat S-i", while in the E. it is replaced by the Caspian race. 



Usually built on thin twigs of willows, or in some districts on Nest. 

 tamarisks, and less frequently on poplars, alders, elms or birches. It is 

 placed on the outside of the tree, often overhanging a river or swamp, 

 but sometimes by a roadside away from water, and varies in height 

 above the ground generally from 6 to 30 ft., but sometimes as high as 

 60 ft. It is beautifully constructed of the down of willow catkins, or 

 other vegetable down, such as cotton grass, or even flax, woven together 

 with fibres of Parietaria, irregular in shape, but something like a flask, 



