246 



graauive VHegenvanger. Hungary: Kormos legykapo. Italy: Balia nera. 

 Poland: Miicholowka zalohna. Portugal: Pajpa moscas. Russia: Mucho- 

 lowka, Spain: Cerrojillo. Sweden: Svart-och-hvit Flugsnappare. 



Muscicapa atricapilla L. Newton, ed Yarrell, I, p. 229. Dresser, 

 B. of. Europe, III, p. 453 and Man. Pal. Birds, p. 254. Saunders, Man., 

 p. 159. M. atricapilla atricnpilla L. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, p. 480. 

 Breeding Range: Europe, from 70" in Scandinavia, 65" in Fin- 

 land and 57" in the Urals, south to Spain, Italy, and Austro - Hungary : 

 locally in Great Britain. 

 British The main breeding grounds of this species in Great Britain lie in 



^''^'' N. and Mid- Wales, and the N. of England, especially the Lake District 

 and the W. Riding of Yorkshire. In the Midlands and southern counties 

 many isolated instances of nesting are on record, but though some of 

 these are undoubtedly authentic, there is little doubt that many of them 

 are due to confusion caused by mistaking the blue unspotted type of 

 Pied Flycatcher's egg for that of this species. In Wales it is scarce 

 along the N. coast and absent from Anglesey, but occurs locally in the 

 other counties except in the S. and S. W. It is most plentiful in 

 Merioneth, but is also not uncommon in the Usk and Wye valleys, and 

 in many localities in N. Wales, as well as in Salop. In Yorkshire it 

 breeds in some numbers in certain valleys of the W. Riding, and in 

 smaller numbers in the N. Riding, while the Lake District is one of its 

 main haunts. In Northumberland and Durham it is scarce, but it occa- 

 sionally breeds in Scotland S. of the Forth and Clyde, and has been 

 recorded as nesting in Kircudbright, Dumfries and Midlothian. Hargitt 

 obtained eggs from Inverness in 1864, and in 1890 and 1891 it probably 

 bred in the Moray area. 

 Con- In Scandinavia its nesting limit extends to nearly 70" N., and on 



Euro e ^^® Norwcgiau fjeld it breeds as high as the birch region, but in Fin- 

 land its range does not extend beyond 65", and in the Urals only to 

 57" N. Over the Continent it is generally distributed in suitable localities, 

 but is only locally common, and occasionally absent. Its southern limit 

 extends in the Iberian peninsula at least to Beira, and the elm avenues 

 of Aranjuez. Von Homeyer states that it breeds in the hills of the 

 Balearic Isles, but it appears to be of rare occurrence in Sardinia and 

 is only found on passage in Corsica. In Italy it becomes rare in the 

 southern provinces, but in the N. is found nesting in the plains as well 

 as in the mountains. There appears to be no record of its breeding in 

 the S. Balkan peninsula, where it occurs on migration only, but appa- 

 rently a few pairs nest in the lower Danube valley. 

 xest. This species is generally found breeding not far from running water, 



and where holes for nesting purposes are available. For this reason it 



