new T'lpuUd Suhfamily Ceratoclieilinte. 281 



Wesch^ also figures it. Ceratocheilus is further distinguished 

 from Toxorrldna by the presence of a rudimentary second 

 vein, and by the further reduction in the number of joints 

 of the antennse ; from Elephantomyia by the form of the 

 second vein and the number of antennal joints. The 

 antennal joints are difficult to count, but in the male Cerato- 

 cheilus they appear to me to be 10 in number, not 8 as 

 stated and figured by Wesche. There is no close relation- 

 ship either with Fhjchoptera or Gynoplistia, which "Wesche 

 suggested. 



The discovery of the genus Ceratocheilus is of great 

 interest as it afibrds a safe clue to the interpretation of the 

 neuration of Toxorrhina. The second vein, already in a 

 rudimentary state in the former, has evidently been com- 

 pletely suppressed in the latter genus, in which it is there- 

 fore not the submarginal, but the outer marginal cell which 

 is absent. This explanation was suggested as a possible one 

 by Osten-Sacken (Mon.Dipt. N. Am. iv. p. 112), who, if he 

 had had the present material at his disposal, would doubtless 

 have adopted it as the true one. The similar condition of 

 the second vein in Styringomyia is probably due to parallel 

 or convergent evolution, and not indicative of relationship. 



All the known species of Toxorrhina, with the exception 

 of T. maclagascariensis , Meunier (Bull. Soc. Etud. Sci. Nat. 

 Elbeuf, xxiv. 1906, p. 27), described from Madagascar copal, 

 have hyaline wings, while the described Ceratocheilus have 

 spotted wings. This suggests the possibility that T. mada- 

 gascariensis may be a Ceratocheilus ; the presence of a small 

 second vein may easily have been overlooked. The fossil 

 species of Toxorrhina {Elephantomyia) described by Loew 

 may possibly belong to Ceratocheilus-, but this is not 

 probable. Osten-Sacken seems to think that they are 

 true Toxorrhina ; if Schiner was correct in saying that 

 they possess a submarginal cell, they probably belong to 

 Elephantomyia. A collection of Diptera in copal from the 

 East African coast, in the British Museum, contains a 

 number of specimens of Elephantomyia. 



A short time after making the above discoveries the writer 

 read Dr. Griinberg's description of his new genus Idiophlebia 

 (Zool. Anz. xxvi. 1903, p. 527), and Dr. Speiser's of 

 /. crassicosta (Berl. ent, Zeit. lii. 1907, p. 132), which 

 seemed to apply to Styringomyia. Griinberg^s description 

 Avas compared with those of Loew and Osten-Sacken, with 

 which it was found to tally completely. On looking through 

 the accessions of Tipulidae in the British Museum I found 

 specimens of a Styringomyia from Burpengary, S. Queens- 



